Antibacterial efficacy of copper-added chitosan nanoparticles: a confocal laser scanning microscopy analysis

Abstract

The aim of this study was to evaluate the antibacterial e cacy of copper added chitosan nanoparticles (CU-CNPs) as an irrigation solution with different irrigants in terms of eliminating Enterococcus Faecalis (E. faecalis) from the root canals. Fifty mandibular premolar teeth were prepared and infected with E. faecalis for 21 days. After the incubation period, samples were randomly divided into a control group irrigated with distilled water and 4 experimental groups (n = 10) irrigated with as follows, %6 NaOCl, %6 NaOCl + %9 editronate (HEBP), Chitosan nanoparticles (CNPs), and CU-CNPs. To calculate the proportion of dead E. faecalis cell volume, stained using LIVE/DEAD BacLight Bacterial Viability Kit and were scanned using confocal laser scanning microscope (CLSM). All the irrigation solutions signi cantly (P < .05) killed the bacteria in the canal, except for the control group. CU-CNPs solution killed the highest (P < .05) number of bacteria compared with the other experimental groups. No signi cant difference was found between CNPs, NaOCl + HEBP and NaOCl in terms of antibacterial activity. CU-CNPs solution was exhibited higher antibacterial e cacy against E. faecalis.

A Study of Zn-Ca Nanocomposites and Their Antibacterial Properties

“…The presented study was based on the implementation of a nanocomposite (Zn-Ca) as an antibacterial agent. The use of nanomaterials in the dental field has been reported [13][14][15][16][17] as an alternative to currently used treatments [4]. The implementation of calcium ions in nanocomposites provided the material with the specific characteristics demonstrated in this study.…”

“…Although antimicrobial compounds have been reported to decrease the occurrence of dental disease, the use of antibiotics and chemical bactericides can have a negative impact on the bacterial flora of the oral cavity and intestinal tract [15,16]. Since pathogens can acquire resistance against different antibiotics, agents that are characterized for having remarkable antibacterial activity and do not develop resistance are now in high demand [17,18].…”

Antibacterial efficacy of silver nanoparticles, sodium hypochlorite, chlorhexidine, and hypochlorous acid on dentinal surfaces infected with Enterococcus faecalis

“…CLSM is a commonly used fluorescence microscopy technique for three-dimensional structural analysis of biological cells and tissues (Bayguinov et al, 2018). Moreover, it allows us to measure the biofilm architecture and obtain clear images of the dentinal tubules (Keskin et al, 2021). This experimental design is a suitable method to examine the homogeneous E. faecalis biofilm layer on the dentin surface.…”

Inherent and Composite Hydrogels as Promising Materials to Limit Antimicrobial Resistance

“…Native chitosan needs to be made less hydrophilic in order to be used for drug delivery systems. Suitable chitosan hydrogels can only be obtained from modified chitosan [ 73 ]. Chitosan not only has antimicrobial properties, it is also able to involve neutrophils and macrophages in the healing of wounds, thus improving its benefits.…”

“…Allan and Hadwiger (1979) [ 74 ] were the first research group, who claimed that chitosan demonstrates antagonistic behavior towards fungi. Following the report by Allan and Hadwiger (1979) [ 74 ], many studies were published which discussed fungicidal and antimicrobial characteristics [ 73 , 75 , 76 , 77 ]. However, the exact mechanism of antimicrobial activity remains obscure.…”