Antibacterial effects of silver–zirconia composite coatings using pulsed laser deposition onto 316L SS for bio implants

Abstract

Bacterial invasion on biomedical implants is a challenging task for long-term and permanent implant fixations. Prevention of initial bacterial adherence on metallic implants is an important concern to avoid extracellular matrix (biofilm) secretion from bacteria that is resistant to antibacterial agents. In order to overcome this defect, recently, surface coatings such as zirconia (ZrO2) with higher smoothness have been shown to improve implants durability. In the present study, pulsed laser deposition (PLD) was used to deposit ZrO2 and silver (Ag)-ZrO2 composite coatings onto 316L stainless steel (316L SS). Phase purity, surface roughness and surface morphology, thickness of the coatings and elemental compositions of the coatings were analyzed using X-ray diffraction (XRD), atomic force microscopy (AFM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). Total viable count (TVC) and epifluorescence microscopy analysis were studied to evaluate antimicrobial efficiency of ZrO2 and Ag–ZrO2 composite coatings using gram negative (gram −ve) Escherichia coli (E.coli) and gram positive (gram +ve) Staphylococcus aureus (S.aureus). On the basis of the present study, it could be speculated that ZrO2 coatings exhibited antibacterial activity against only E.coli, whereas Ag–ZrO2 composite coatings showed superior activity against E.coli and S.aureus strains.

Quantitative evaluation of antibacterial activities of nanoparticles (ZnO, TiO2, ZnO/TiO2, SnO2, CuO, ZrO2, and AgNO3) incorporated into polyvinyl butyral nanofibers

“…aureus and fungus due the different structure and chemical composition of the outer membrane of both types of bacteria regarding their charge and chemical moieties. Another study showed that Ag–ZrO 2 composite coatings show superior antibacterial activity against Gram‐negative E. coli and Gram‐positive S. aureus strains compared with a ZrO 2 coating . It was found that the SnO 2 (F) photocatalyst progressively damaged the bacterial cell membrane and had a considerable photocatalytic inactivation effect …”

“…Another study showed that Ag-ZrO 2 composite coatings show superior antibacterial activity against Gram-negative E. coli and Gram-positive S. aureus strains compared with a ZrO 2 coating. [25] It was found that the SnO 2 (F) photocatalyst progressively damaged the bacterial cell membrane and had a considerable photocatalytic inactivation effect. [26] We can accept that the mechanism of antibacterial activity of metal oxides is due to their interaction with highly reactive oxygen species, which would result in damage to the outer membrane or inside the cells of the bacteria.…”

Impact of environmental biofilms: Industrial components and its remediation

“…A comparative study was done on the deposition of ZrO 2 and silver (Ag)–ZrO 2 composite coatings by the pulsed laser deposition (PLD) technique onto 316L stainless steel (316L SS) against the activity of bacteria. It showed that compared to ZrO 2 coatings, Ag–ZrO 2 composite coatings had better results against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus strains . Another study with the reactive magnetron co‐sputtering technique on implants demonstrated less bacterial attachment, hemocompatibility, and anticorrosion activities of TiZrN coating on 316L SS against S. aureus and E. coli .…”

Application of Nanotechnology in Orthodontic Materials: A State-of-the-Art Review

“…However, these appear to be of limited use in orthodontics, as they can cause enamel discoloration and cosmetic treatment results. The other approach to reducing the failure rate due to dental caries has been to modify the arches or brackets with coatings such as TiO 2 nanoparticles doped with nitrogen [ 38 , 40 ] or Ag–Zr nanocomposite coatings [ 38 , 41 ].…”