Antibacterial effects and action modes of asiatic acid

Anti-enterococcal activities of pentacyclic triterpenes

“…29 In contrast to our results, Liu et al showed the MICs of AA against gram-positive (E. faecalis, S. aureus, Listeria monocytogenes and Bacillus cereus) and gram-negative (Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhimurium and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) bacteria were significantly lower and ranged from 20 ± 2 to 36 ± 4 µg/mL. 30 The differences in MICs may be caused by differences in methods used for MIC value determination, different species of tested bacteria and various sources of origin of these microorganisms. In contrast to results obtained by Horiuchi et al, the MIC values of UA in our study were much higher and for different strains ranged from 32 to 512 µg/mL.…”

“…38 Liu et al established that AA destroys the cell membrane integrity and causes its dysfunction. 30 Also, Broniatowski et al indicated that UA may incorporate into the bacterial membrane leading to its structural and functional alterations. 35 Cell membrane damage may impair the transport of enzymes and toxins from the bacteria to the external environment.…”

Pharmacological Properties, Molecular Mechanisms, and Pharmaceutical Development of Asiatic Acid: A Pentacyclic Triterpenoid of Therapeutic Promise

“…AA appears an effective food preservative and provides protection against bacterial contamination as well used as a bactericide in farms and slaughterhouses to promote environmental sanitation. 8 mg of AA in 100 g ground beef that is considered equal to 8 ppm showed potent anti-bacterial effects by increasing K + release from the cytoplasm and/or mitochondria that leads to membrane damage and leaching out of nucleotides such as DNA and RNA from bacteria (Liu et al, 2015 ). Being natural, safe, tasteless, and odorless, AA was suggested to be used as a food flavor (Liu et al, 2015 ).…”

“…8 mg of AA in 100 g ground beef that is considered equal to 8 ppm showed potent anti-bacterial effects by increasing K + release from the cytoplasm and/or mitochondria that leads to membrane damage and leaching out of nucleotides such as DNA and RNA from bacteria (Liu et al, 2015 ). Being natural, safe, tasteless, and odorless, AA was suggested to be used as a food flavor (Liu et al, 2015 ). The steamed and metal-chlorophylls complexation of the extracts from C. asiatica leaves was found better than untreated leaves and synthetic colorant.…”

Antiurolithiatic effects of pentacyclic triterpenes: The distance traveled from therapeutic aspects

“…Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus, and Streptococcus pneumoniae adhere to crystals and increase in the number of crystal-crystal agglomerations and bacteria-CaOx crystal aggregates have been shown to bind to the renal epithelium and increase in the size of stone matrix to potentiate urolithiasis (Chutipongtanate, Sutthimethakorn, Chiangjong, & Thongboonkerd, 2013;Schwaderer & Wolfe, 2017). Asiatic acid (Figure 1) has been shown to possess antibacterial activity against E. coli (MIC = 24 ± 4 μg/ml; MBC = 36 ± 4 μg/ml) (W. Liu, Liu, & Mong, 2015) values ranging from 0.9 to 15.6 μg/ml, which closely compared with the positive reference (kanamycin sulphate) with a MIC range of 1.9--3.9 μg/ml. Lupeol and its derivatives isolated from the stem bark of Diospyros mespiliformis Horsch (Ebenaceae) were effective against S. aureus and E. coli with a MIC = 6.25-12.5 μg/ml (Anas et al, 2017).…”