Antibacterial Effect of Eco-Friendly Silver Nanoparticles and Traditional Techniques on Aged Heritage Textile, Investigated by Dark-Field Microscopy

Abstract

An improper indoor microclimate has adverse effects on the state of preservation of historical textiles arranged in them, favoring the development of bacteriological microflora. The current study aims to combine traditional and innovative methods for cleaning and preserving a 100-year-old traditional blouse from Bihor, Romania. The material of the blouse was impregnated with 30 and 70 ppm silver nanosuspensions and washed with a substance obtained from boiling natural wood ash (lye). The research goals were to determine the antimicrobial action of lye washing and silver nanoparticles applied to the analyzed textile material and identify the way in which the environmental factors (light) act upon the conservation degree of textile objects impregnated with silver nanoparticles. All these procedures are eco-friendly and do not cause any damage to the constituent material of the fabrics. The use of the hyperspectral imaging technique proved the permeation of both 30 and 70 ppm silver nanosuspensions into the textile, producing changes in the textile’s reflectance spectrum after being treated with them. The results showed anti-bactericidal/fungal properties of both silver nanoparticles and lye. Microbiological analyses revealed that bacterial colonies were reduced to more than 95% in both cases. The antibacterial effect of silver nanoparticles on the textile material of the blouse was maintained throughout the duration of the study, and under normal environmental conditions, the effects would remain active for a long period.

Highly Durable Antibacterial Textiles: Cross-Linked Protonated Polyaniline-Polyacrylic Acid with Prolonged Electrical Stability

“…Optimizing antibacterial properties and conductivity in wearable textiles requires a thorough understanding of the textile’s field performance. Historically, the integration of functional metals such as silver (Ag), reduced graphene oxide, titanium dioxide (TiO 2 ), and copper oxide (Cu 2 O) with textiles has been extensively employed to instill remarkable electrical conductivity and robust antibacterial characteristics. , Nevertheless, the integration of such metal-based materials might adversely affect the environment with the outcome of diminishing textile comfort. , …”

“…4,5 Nevertheless, the integration of such metal-based materials might adversely affect the environment with the outcome of diminishing textile comfort. 6,7 As a conducting polymer, polyaniline (PANI) offers an alternative due to its low toxicity, tunable electrical properties, biocompatibility, and ease of preparation. 8,9 In a recent review, protonated PANI textiles showed outstanding electrical conductivity and strong antibacterial properties against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria.…”

“… 4 , 5 Nevertheless, the integration of such metal-based materials might adversely affect the environment with the outcome of diminishing textile comfort. 6 , 7 …”

Develop an optimal washing method for textile relics adsorbing composite organic/inorganic stains

“…However, at present, there are many researches on the digital protection and innovative design of textile relics, but few researches on the washing treatment of textile relics, especially washing methods [1,10,11]. The selection of washing methods was the key to the washing work of textile relics, because the selection of washing methods directly determines the decontamination e ciency, the degree of preservation and damage of textile relics' original morphology [6,12,13]. At the same time, textile relics is extremely vulnerable, as a result of long-term exposure to decomposition of body, groundwater, soil, mineral microorganisms and other adverse environmental damage, suggesting the washing work of textile cultural relics had more challenge, should be especially cautious [2,14].…”

Develop an environment‐friendly detergent for textile relics adsorbing soil/rust stains

“…However, textile relics belong to the relics eroded by the corpse, coffin fluid, microorganisms, bronzes, wood, soil and other stains due to being long‐term buried in the ground (He et al, 2014; Li et al, 2021; Zhao, Pan, et al, 2019). Therefore, the surface or internal of textile relics are very easy to appear deposition of blood, protein, fat, adhesives, soil and rust and other pollutants (He et al, 2014; Ilies et al, 2022; Zhao, He, et al, 2019). Additionally, stains adsorbed on the surface or internal of textile relics cannot be removed in time, it not only reduces their ornamental value because of stain covering the unique texture, colors and patterns of textile relics, but also causes the physical chemistry or biological degradation of textile relics, and even carbonization or damage, eventually bug, losing its cultural, historical and artistic value (Ahmed & Ziddan, 2011; Ferrari et al, 2017; Kavkler et al, 2022).…”