Antibacterial Effect and Deodorization Effect of Extracts from Different Parts of Zingiber officinale

Abstract

Purpose: Using extracts from different parts of Zingiber officinale, we aimed to evaluate its antibacterial effect on skin flora and its deodorization effect on ammonia to determine its potential as an antimicrobial ingredient and functional herbal cosmetic ingredient. Methods: The antibacterial effect on skin flora was examined using the paper disc method and the deodorization effect on ammonia was examined by the gas detection method. Results: After evaluating the antibacterial effects of extracts from different parts (leaves, stems, and roots) of Zingiber officinale, antibacterial activity was observed against Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) at a concentration of 5 mg/mL. The leaf, stem, and root extracts had 3 mm, 3 mm, and 2mm clear zones, respectively. For the antibacterial effect against Staphylococcus epidermidis (S. epidermidis), there were 8 mm, 5 mm, and 4mm clear zones for the leaf, stem, and root extracts, respectively. For Propionibacterium acnes (P. acnes), a bacterium that causes acne, there were 4 mm, 3 mm, and 1mm clear zones for the leaf, stem, and root extracts, respectively. The results for Pityrosporum ovale (P. ovale) showed 6 mm, 5 mm, and 4 mm clear zones for the leaf, stem, and root extracts, respectively. For Malassezia furfur (M. furfu), there were 4 mm, 3 mm, and 2 mm clear zones for the leaf, stem, and root extract, respectively. For Candida albicans (C. albicans), there were 4 mm, 3 mm, and 2mm clear zones for the leaf, stem, and root extracts, respectively. Finally, after evaluating the antibacterial effect against Trichophyton mentagrophytes (T. mentagrophytes) at a concentration of 5 mg/mL, we found 6 mm, 4 mm, and 3 mm clear zones for the leaf, stem, and root extracts, respectively. After evaluating the deodorization effects of Zingiber officinale extracts on ammonia, at 120 min, the deodorization effect was 98%, 95%, and 91% for the leaf, stem, and root extracts, respectively. Conclusion: Among the three extracts of Zingiber officinale, the leaf extract had the highest antibacterial effect against the seven types of skin flora as well as the highest deodorization effect, thus confirming its potential as an antibacterial ingredient and functional herbal cosmetic ingredient.

Essential oils of Zingiber officinale: Chemical composition, in vivo alleviation effects on TPA induced ear swelling in mice and in vitro bioactivities

“…stem bark extracts showed antibacterial effects on E. coli and P. aeruginosa . Lee et al ( 1 ) investigated the antibacterial effect of extracts from different parts of ZO on S. aureus ( S. aureus ), showed that leaf, stem, and root extracts had 3, 3, and 2 mm clear zones, respectively. Similarly, our results illustrated that EOZOs had anti-bacterial effects on E. coli, P. aeruginosa , and S. aureus .…”

“…Zingiber officinale (ZO), has been used as a table condiment since ancient times and can be used for both meat and vegetables. ZO plays an important role in food safety, flavoring, and deodorization (1). In addition to that, ZO is reported to exhibit bioactive effects, such as antioxidation, weight loss, cold treatment, antiemetic effects, phlegm elimination, coughing relief and other health benefits properties (2)(3)(4)(5).…”