Antibacterial Application on Staphylococcus aureus Using Antibiotic Agent/Zinc Oxide Nanorod Arrays/Polyethylethylketone Composite Samples

Abstract

In this study, zinc oxide (ZnO) nanorod arrays as antibiotic agent carriers were grown on polyetheretherketone (PEEK) substrates using a chemical synthesis method. With the concentration of ammonium hydroxide in the precursor solution kept at 4 M, ZnO nanorod arrays with diameters in the range of 100–400 nm and a loading density of 1.7 mg/cm2 were grown onto the PEEK substrates. Their drug release profiles and the antibacterial properties of the antibiotic agent/ZnO/PEEK samples in the buffer solution were investigated. The results showed that the concentrations of antibiotic agents (ampicillin or vancomycin) released from the samples into the buffer solution were higher than the value of minimum inhibitory concentration of 90% for Staphylococcus aureus within the 96 h test. The bioactivities of ampicillin and vancomycin on substrates also showed around 40% and 80% on the Staphylococcus aureus, respectively. In the antibacterial activity test, sample with the suitable loading amount of antibiotic agent had a good inhibitory effect on the growth of Staphylococcus aureus.

Preparation and Characterization for Antibacterial Activities of 3D Printing Polyetheretherketone Disks Coated with Various Ratios of Ampicillin and Vancomycin Salts

“…2020, 10, 97 2 of 14 such as bone and tissue engineering, 3D printing technology has been employed because of the clinical requirements of orthopedic suffers [3][4][5]. In the clinical requirements of bone and tissue engineering, 3D and porous bone or tissue supports with suitable surface areas for attachments and growths of cells are often used in the treatments of complex musculoskeletal wounds [3][4][5]. Several possible manufacturing methods such as electrospinning, solvent casting/particulate leaching, freeze drying, and gas forming have been reported for the production of these 3D supports [6,7].…”

“…Three-dimensional printing technology based on the selective laser sintering was employed to prepare porous Ti 6 -Al 4 -V supports with mechanical property similar to the bone tissue [6]. Three-dimensional printing technology based on the fused deposition modeling for the preparation of supports (e.g., low-crystalline polymers such as poly lactic acid (PLA)) in the application of bone-tissue engineering was also reported in the literatures [4,5,7]. Traditional Ti-based supports (e.g., Ti 6 -Al 4 -V) have been employed for the treatments of musculoskeletal wounds [8].…”

“…Traditional Ti-based supports (e.g., Ti 6 -Al 4 -V) have been employed for the treatments of musculoskeletal wounds [8]. Even the metal-based supports have been applied in orthopedic suffers; major problems for the treatments of musculoskeletal wounds using Ti-based supports are the metal ions released from these metal supports caused by corrosion in the human body and the mismatch elastic moduli between the human bone (7-30 GPa) and the metal supports (~110 GPa for the Ti-based metal supports) [5,9]. Low-crystalline polymer supports applied in the bone-tissue engineering cannot maintain long-term stability in the human body if these supports are used in the treatments of orthopedic suffers.…”

“…Low-crystalline polymer supports applied in the bone-tissue engineering cannot maintain long-term stability in the human body if these supports are used in the treatments of orthopedic suffers. Recently, an interesting polymer called polyetheretherketone (PEEK) has been proposed in the applications of bone and tissue engineering [5,9]. PEEK is a semi-crystalline polymer with good elastic modulus (3-4 GPa), which is similar to that for human bone (7-30 GPa) [5,9].…”

“…Recently, an interesting polymer called polyetheretherketone (PEEK) has been proposed in the applications of bone and tissue engineering [5,9]. PEEK is a semi-crystalline polymer with good elastic modulus (3-4 GPa), which is similar to that for human bone (7-30 GPa) [5,9]. Similar elastic moduli for the PEEK material and the human bone can minimize the effect of stress shielding, which can result in prolonging implant lifespan and in better mechanical compatibility than the Ti-based metal supports [10].…”