Antibacterial, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities of Mahanintangtong and its constituent herbs, a formula used in Thai traditional medicine for treating pharyngitis

Abstract

Background Mahanintangtong is listed in the Thailand’s National List of Essential Medicines (NLEM). It is used to treat non-specific fevers and illnesses such as pharyngitis and chickenpox. In this study, we investigated the biological activities of the different medicinal plants used in the Mahanintangtong formula. Methods The plant materials were extracted by maceration and decoction. Antimicrobial activity, assessed by disc diffusion method, the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) were compared with commercially available standard antibiotics. To elucidate the anti-inflammatory mechanisms, inhibition of nitric oxide (NO), tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), and interleukin 6 (IL-6) production was tested by Griess and ELISA techniques. Antioxidant activity was measured by ABTS and DPPH scavenging assays. Results The extracts with the best antimicrobial activities were carbonized Tectona grandis showing against Streptococcus pyogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The ethanol extract of Dracaena loureiroi wood exhibited the highest NO and IL-6 inhibitory activity with IC50 values of 9.42 ± 1.81 and 12.02 ± 0.30 μg/mL, respectively. The ethanol extract of Pogostemon cablin had the highest TNF-α inhibitory with IC50 values of 10.68 ± 0.02 μg/mL. In anti-free radical testing, the ethanol extract of D. loureiroi displayed high antioxidant activity by both ABTS and DPPH assays. Conclusion The ethanol extracts from carbonized T. grandis and Mahanintangtong showed good antimicrobial activity, especially against S. pyogenes, and good anti-inflammatory activity. These findings are relevant to the pathogenesis of pharyngitis and justify additional studies to see if Mahanintangtong could have clinical utility.

Exploring the Anticancer Potential of Traditional Thai Medicinal Plants: A Focus on Dracaena loureiri and Its Effects on Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer

“…The subsequent investigation into apoptosis mechanisms demonstrated that DLEE induced apoptosis in A549 cells through the intrinsic pathway, as evidenced by the disruption of mitochondria membrane potential (ΔΨm) and activation of pro-apoptosis proteins, including cleaved-caspase-9, cleaved-caspase-3, and cleaved-PARP-1, while inhibiting anti-apoptotic proteins such as Bcl-2, Bcl-xl, and survivin. Previously recognized for various bioactivities, such as anti-malarial, anti-ulcer, anti-diabetic, and anti-inflammatory effects, D. loureirin has demonstrated high antioxidant activity [ 19 , 21 , 36 , 37 , 38 ]. However, this study represents the first report of D. loureiri extract exhibiting anti-cancer activities against non-small-cell lung cancer through the inhibition of cell proliferation and induction of apoptosis.…”

Arecae pericarpium extract induces porcine lower-esophageal-sphincter contraction via muscarinic receptors

“…Additionally, 1 g of A. pericarpium was powdered, soaked in 20 mL of 95% ethanol, vortexed using ultrasonic power 200 W at 30 °C for 1 h, and the resulting solution filtered to produce extract 4. These extracts were concentrated under vacuum with a rotary evaporator to produce around 30 ml of dense plasters, and the plasters were then freeze-dried [ 11 , 12 ].…”

The Potent Antimicrobial Spectrum of Patchouli: Systematic Review of Its Antifungal, Antibacterial, and Antiviral Properties

“…[1], [13], [16], [18], [19], [23], [24], [25], [26], [27], [28], [29], [30], [31], [32] [33], [34], [35], [36], [37] [21], [38], [39] Figure 2. Utilization of patchouli oil in various applications.…”