Antibacterial and wound healing applications of curcumin in micro and nano-scaffolds based on chitosan, cellulose, and collagen

Abstract

About 80% higher risk of amputation resulting from microbial infection was indicated for patients with diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs). Micro and nano-scaffolds made of natural polymers specifically cellulose, chitosan, and collagen can donate the biocompatibility, biodegradability, and bioavailability properties appropriate to accelerate wound closure before microbial biofilm formation. The antimicrobial activity of these wound dressings can be improved by the incorporation of bioactive compounds extracted from medicinal plant species such as curcumin. Low water solubility and poor bioavailability are recognized as two main disadvantages of curcumin, lipophilic phytopolyphenol, which could be controlled by targeted polymeric micro and nano-scaffolds. Consequently, this review has discussed the capacity and challenges of these types of formulations according to recent investigations.

Curcumin‐based nanoformulations alleviate wounds and related disorders: A comprehensive review

“…[11][12][13][14][15][16][17] The bioactive component of Cyamopsis tetragonoloba, Lemon verbena (L. verbena), Prunus persica, Calotropis procera, Berberis lycium, Teucrium polium, Azadirachta indica, Red Ginseng, Aloe vera, and Turmeric possess antibacterial and wound treatment properties. [18][19][20][21][22] Curcumin (CUR) is a natural yellow spice derived from the rhizome of the turmeric plant (Curcuma longa) and exerts antibacterial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and wound-healing agent properties. 13,14,[16][17][18] However, because of its impact on phase I and phase II metabolism and thus rapid metabolism (remarkable first-pass metabolism), CUR exhibits low bioavailability, poor aqueous solubility, and low tissue absorption, limiting its clinical development.…”

“…[18][19][20][21][22] Curcumin (CUR) is a natural yellow spice derived from the rhizome of the turmeric plant (Curcuma longa) and exerts antibacterial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and wound-healing agent properties. 13,14,[16][17][18] However, because of its impact on phase I and phase II metabolism and thus rapid metabolism (remarkable first-pass metabolism), CUR exhibits low bioavailability, poor aqueous solubility, and low tissue absorption, limiting its clinical development. 15,19,20 Therefore, since CUR has unfavorable pharmacokinetics (PK) and low bioavailability, many attempts have been made to facilitate its PK and enhance its clinical efficacy using different novel nanoformulations.…”

“…14,[19][20][21] Nanoformulations are generally developed for a wide range of applications in medical science, such as the detection of a specific analyte, diagnosis of a specific disorder, co-delivery and targeted delivery of therapeutic agents, circumventing of the efflux pump, prevent embedded drugs' enzymatic degradation, achieve adjusted drug release, improve PK, and mitigate the drug toxicity. 18,20,22,23 Accordingly, nanotechnology is considered the vanguard for enhancing the solubility and bioavailability of aqueous insoluble drugs/compounds such as CUR. Kalirajan, Zhang, Andrabi, and many other researchers have reported that the solubility and bioavailability of CUR nanoformulations are improved versus the normal form of CUR.…”

“…Kalirajan, Zhang, Andrabi, and many other researchers have reported that the solubility and bioavailability of CUR nanoformulations are improved versus the normal form of CUR. 18,20,[24][25][26] In this regard, the current study reviews the nanoformulation systems utilized for CUR, aiming at its wound-healing effect. Although comprehensive reviews about the CUR nanoformulations are found elsewhere, [18][19][20]27 we have made an effort to put together a collection of all kinds of CUR nanoformulations used in wound healing so far.…”

Editorial: Nanomaterials to combat pathogenic microorganisms

“…Comparing the efficiency of each antimicrobial agent in vitro and in vivo is a critical issue, particularly in the case of health-threatening microorganisms such as multidrug-resistant bacteria, fungi, and viruses (Alavi et al, 2022 ). For instance, antibiotic-resistant bacteria can neutralize an antibiotic by production of a specific enzyme, overexpression of efflux pumps, and modification of a drug target as the major mechanisms of antibiotic resistance (Amraei et al, 2022 ).…”