Antibacterial and Antifungal Activities of Essential Oils

Fungicidal activity of essential oils from Brazilian Cerrado species against wood decay fungi

“…Therefore, the substance forms a gradient in the agar and the concentration in the medium is inversely proportional to the distance of the centre (White et al, 2001). The nutrient medium, however, must be previously inoculated with the microorganisms (Hammer and Carson, 2011;Pauli and Schilcher, 2010;White et al, 2001). The dilution method may be run in both liquid and solid medium (Saad et al, 2013).…”

Efficacy of commercially available products against Gyrodactylus turnbulli infections on guppies Poecilia reticulata

“…Mean in vivo efficacy (± standard error of the mean; 0 = not effective, 1 = effective) of treatments tested in vivo against Gyrodactylus turnbulli infecting guppies Farag et al 2004, Kim et al 2008) and also explain their anti-parasitic activity. Both terpenes and phenols are generally dominant in essential oils and are well known for their anti-microbial properties (Gershenzon & Dudareva 2007, Bakkali et al 2008, Hammer & Carson 2011. Cajuput was dominated by 1, 8-cineole (Farag et al 2004, Piño et al 2010.…”

“…Essential oils pro-duced by aromatic plants and their secondary metabolites have become popular research subjects against a whole range of diseases in many animal species, with a strong focus on bacterial disease caused by Escherichia coli, Candida albicans, Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas spp. (see Bakkali et al 2008, Hammer & Carson 2011.…”

“…De Colmenares et al 1998, Hammer et al 1999, Valdés et al 2008, George et al 2010. The efficacy of cajuput is not surprising as it is closely related to tea tree (M. alternifolia) oil which has well studied anti-microbial properties (Carson et al 2006, Hammer & Carson 2011, Zhu et al 2011 and is also effective against monogenean infections (Steverding et al 2005). West Indian bay oil also has a wide range of anti-viral and anti-parasitic activity, including anti-helminthic and larvicidal properties (Lee 2006, Yousif et al 2007, Meneses et al 2009, Si et al 2009).…”

“…Cajuput, for instance, varies significantly in its chemotype depending on its origin, but overall is dominated by terpenes (Cuong et al 1994, De Colmenares et al 1998, Farag et al 2004, Piño et al 2010. West Indian bay, on the other hand, appears to be dominated by a mixture of phenols and some terpenes (Nadal et al 1973, McHale et al 1977, with both chemical groups generally showing anti-microbial efficacy (Gershenzon & Dudareva 2007, Hammer & Carson 2011.…”