Antibacterial and antifungal activities and phytochemical profile of leaf extract from different extractants of Ricinus communis against selected pathogens

Abstract

Objectives: Ricinus communis leaves are used in herbal preparations for treating candidiasis, skin and wound infections in Ghana. This study aimed at comparing the phytochemical profile of aqueous, methanol, petroleum ether, ethyl acetate and ethanolic extracts of the leaves of Ricinus communis and determine the growth inhibitory activities, bactericidal, bacteriostatic and fungicidal effects of the respective extracts on Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumonaie and Candida albicans. Results:The aqueous, methanol and ethanol extracts were shown to contain most of the phytochemicals analyzed. All solvents extracts exhibited inhibitory activity against the growth of all microorganisms under study. The methanol extract showed highest zones of inhibition and was found to be statistically significant (P < 0.05) compared to other solvents extracts. All solvents extracts exhibited both bacteriostatic and bactericidal effects on the test organisms at varying concentration, with MIC values ranging from 3.13 to 25.0 mg/ml and MBCs were from 200 to 400 mg/ml. MFCs of Candida albicans was between 200 and 400 mg/l. Our data confirm the anti-bacterial and anti-fungal properties of R. communis and showed that the biologically relevant phytochemicals from the leaves of this plant can be extracted with the solvents aqueous, methanol and ethanol.

Antibacterial activity of medicinal plant extracts against <i>Ralstonia solanacearum</i> (Smith) that causes bacterial wilt in hot pepper (<i>Capsicum annuum</i> L.)

“…In R. communis extract, the highest test concentration had remarkably greater growth inhibition than the lower concentrations (Table 2). Similar antibacterial activity of E. citriodora Ghaffar et al, 2015) and R. communis (Suurbaar et al, 2017) leaf extracts has been reported against both Gram negative and positive bacterial pathogens of humans such as Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, Aspergillus niger and Rhizopus solani. Moreover, the two upper test concentrations (100 and 50 mg mL -1 ) of L. camara and J. schimperiana revealed significantly higher growth inhibition within a species than the remaining lower test concentrations (Table 2).…”

“…Extracts of E. citriodora and R. communis found to have alkaloids, flavonoids, phenols, saponins, tannins and terpenoids (Table 1). Javed, Shoaib, Mohmood, Mushtaq, and Iftikhar (2012) and Suurbaar, Mosobil and Donkor (2017) have found out similar constituents of E. citriodora (except tannins) and R. communis leaf extracts, respectively. Unlike the present study, alkaloids, tannins and terpenoids are absent from the methanol leaf extract of E. citriodora (Pathmanathan, Uthayarasa, Jeyadevan, & Jeyaseelan, 2010).…”

Evaluation of anti-infective potencies of formulated aloin A ointment and aloin A isolated from Aloe barbadensis Miller

“…The method described by Suurbaar et al [19] was applied to explore the antifungal activity of aloin A. The fungal spores were washed from the surface of agar plates with sterile 0.85% saline containing 0.1% Tween 80 (v/v).…”

“…Using the method described by Suurbaar et al [19], inoculum for the MIC and MBC test was prepared. At least three to five well isolated colonies of the same morphology from agar plate culture were taken.…”

Middle Eastern Plant Extracts: An Alternative to Modern Medicine Problems

“…The anti-fungal property of a plant extract is determined by the presence of compounds such as phenols, tannins, flavonoids, terpenoids, and saponins, and the methanol extract of plants has been recorded to contain high amount of these compounds [101,102]. Chicory (Cichorium intybus) is a plant that originated from the Iranian region and has been reported to have anti-fungal property [103].…”