Antibacterial and anticandidal activity of &lt;i&gt;Tylosema esculentum&lt;/i&gt; (marama) extracts

Chingwaru, Walter; Duodu, Gyebi; Zyl, Yolandi Van; Schoeman, C.J.; Majinda, Runner T.; Yeboah, Sam O.; Jackson, José; Kapewangolo, Petrina T.; Kandawa‐Schulz, Martha; Minnaar, Amanda; Cencič, Avrelija

doi:10.4102/sajs.v107i5/6.366

Cited by 3 publications

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“…The other phenolic acids were homogentisic acid (MW = 168.14) and p-hydroxybenzoic acid (MW = 138.12). Both gallic acid and p-hydroxybenzoic acid have been reported in acidified methanol extracts from marama bean seed coats, and the latter compound was the most abundant phenolic acid (Chingwaru et al, 2011). These phenolic acids have also been reported in other legumes.…”

Section: Identification Of Phenolic Acids and Flavonoids By Hplc-dad/mentioning

confidence: 73%

“…During processing, the seed coats are removed and discarded, and they make up 50% of the total weight of the seed (Holse et al, 2010). The seed coats have been found to contain phenolic acid and flavonoid compounds (Chingwaru et al, 2011). Therefore, the seed coats may be used as raw material for the extraction of value-added natural antioxidants for exogenous use as functional food ingredients with potential health benefits.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Characterisation of phenolic acids, flavonoids, proanthocyanidins and antioxidant activity of water extracts from seed coats of marama bean [Tylosema esculentum] – an underutilised food legume

Shelembe

Cromarty

Bester

et al. 2012

Int J of Food Sci Tech

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SummaryFreeze dried aqueous phenolic extracts with possible application as natural antioxidant functional food ingredients were prepared from marama bean seed coats by extracting with water. Phenolic acids, flavonoids and proanthocyanidins in the extracts were characterized by HPLC/MS. The major flavonoids were methyl (epi)afzelechin-3-O-gallate (40%), methyl (epi)catechin-3-O-gallate (28%) and the major phenolic acid was gallic acid (10%).Proanthocyanidins in the extracts were predominantly prodelphinidins composed of epicatechin-3-O-gallate and epigallocatechin present as major terminal and extension units and epigallocatechin-3-O-gallate and epicatechin present as minor extension unit constituents. The polymer structure was found to be unique compared to other legumes because of the high percentage of galloylated units. Extracts showed a high DPPH free radical scavenging activity (707 µmol TE g -1 ), protective effect against AAPH-induced human red blood cell hemolysis and 2 copper-catalyzed human LDL oxidation suggesting that the extracts may have potential health benefits.

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Section: Identification Of Phenolic Acids and Flavonoids By Hplc-dad/mentioning

confidence: 73%

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confidence: 99%

Characterisation of phenolic acids, flavonoids, proanthocyanidins and antioxidant activity of water extracts from seed coats of marama bean [Tylosema esculentum] – an underutilised food legume

Shelembe

Cromarty

Bester

et al. 2012

Int J of Food Sci Tech

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“…34 Work has been done by us on its phytochemical constituents and bioactivity of the extracts and isolates. [35][36][37] The extracts have been found to exhibit antioxidant, antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral and cytotoxic activities. The oil yield (48.2%), 34 and the high protein content of the seed explains why morama is so popular in areas where it grows.…”

Section: Oil-related Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

An account of organic chemistry research in Botswana

Singh¹,

Majinda²,

Masesane³

2022

Arkivoc

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The present paper gives an account of research in different areas of organic chemistry carried out at the University of Botswana. It describes the results of phytochemical investigations carried out on eight species of genus Erythrina. Several new alkaloids and non-alkaloids have been isolated and screened for different biological activities. Physicochemical properties and fatty acids composition of some oils are described as well. The paper also documents some synthetic approaches to natural products and their derivatives, β-amino acids, β-lactams, 1,3,4-oxadiazolines, spirooxindole-2-azetidinones and spirooxindole-oxiranes. The synthetic approaches include the elaboration of the Diels-Alder product of furan and some dienophiles to give the natural product oryzoxymycin and cyclohexyl-β-amino acids. In addition, studies on synthesis of chromane/chromene ring systems are summarized. The application of α-diazoketones and ethyl diazoacetate in the synthesis of βlactams, 1,3,4-oxadiazoline, spirooxindole-2-azetidinones, and spirooxindole-oxiranes is described. Some oxidative, reductive, and other reactions of β-lactams are discussed. In the green chemistry domain, results on grinding-induced synthesis of benzoxazines and microwave-assisted synthesis of benzil diimines are presented. Bis(acetylacetonato)copper(II)-catalyzed oxidation reactions of hydrazones and the sec-alcoholic group of benzoins to azines and 1,2-diketones, respectively, are described. In addition, the PdCl2-catalyzed transfer hydrogenation of alkenes to alkanes in the presence Zn powder is accounted.

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“…Several plants, including Curcuma longa [5], Ducrosia anethifolia [6], Rhizophora mucronata [7], Acacia aroma [8], Zataria multiflora [9], Ballota acetabulosa [10], and Tylosema esculentum [11], possess antimicrobial activity against MRSA.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficacy ofPlectranthus amboinicus(Lour.) Spreng in a Murine Model of Methicillin-ResistantStaphylococcus aureusSkin Abscesses

Oliveira

Torres

Gonçalves

et al. 2013

Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine

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The present work aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of Plectranthus amboinicus (Lour.) Spreng against MRSA clinical isolates. The in vitro antimicrobial activity of the hydroalcoholic extract (HE), the ethyl acetate (EA) fraction and its subfractions were determined by broth microdilution and bioautography against MRSA clinical isolates. The microdilution checkerboard method was used to assess in vitro drug combination studies. To induce abscess formation, bacterial suspensions were added to Citodex and inoculated subcutaneously into male Swiss mice. The treatment protocol consisted of 2 doses of HE, the EA fraction or vancomycin introduced intraperitoneally into mice 3 and 12 h after infection. The EA fraction and its subfractions presented the lowest minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC, 0.25 to 0.5 mg/mL). The plant samples were bacteriostatic at 2x and 4x MIC and bactericidal at 100 mg/mL. The EA fraction presented synergism with vancomycin and an additive effect with ciprofloxacin. A significant reduction of abscess volume, bacterial cell counts in abscess slurries, and inflammatory scores was observed in the HE and EA fraction-treated groups. The samples were effective in treating the animals in a dose-dependent fashion. The present study proved the effectiveness of P. amboinicus fractions against MRSA using in vitro and in vivo assays.

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Antibacterial and anticandidal activity of <i>Tylosema esculentum</i> (marama) extracts

Cited by 3 publications

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Characterisation of phenolic acids, flavonoids, proanthocyanidins and antioxidant activity of water extracts from seed coats of marama bean [Tylosema esculentum] – an underutilised food legume

Characterisation of phenolic acids, flavonoids, proanthocyanidins and antioxidant activity of water extracts from seed coats of marama bean [Tylosema esculentum] – an underutilised food legume

An account of organic chemistry research in Botswana

Efficacy ofPlectranthus amboinicus(Lour.) Spreng in a Murine Model of Methicillin-ResistantStaphylococcus aureusSkin Abscesses

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