Antibacterial activity of phytogenic silver nanoparticles using domestic herbs plant extract

Abstract

Since the development of the first antibiotic medication, penicillin (1928), a range of antibiotic and antimicrobial agents have been produced and used for both human and industrial applications. However, excess and excessive use of antibiotics has led to a major increase in the number of drug-resistant pathogens. There is a strong demand for novel therapeutic approaches to substitute inefficient antibiotics to address rising microbial multidrug resistance. The invention of nanomaterials as modern antimicrobials creates a new model for antibiotic use in diverse areas. Among the numerous nanoparticles, silver nanoparticles have earned a great deal of interest due to their unique antimicrobial properties. Overall, the results highlight that antibacterial resistance activity of silver nanoparticles from domestic herbs plant of Zingiber officinale var. Extract of rubrum (ZO-AgNPs) and Aloe vera L. Extract (AV-AgNPs) are potentially effective in inhibiting the development of Metichillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) bacteria. In addition, the formation of AgNPs was observed and characterized by UV-visible spectroscopy at peak ranges 353 – 479 nm, with diameters ranging from 10 – 20 d/nm to 70 – 90 d/nm for both Aloe vera and Red Ginger respectively.

Green Synthesis and Characterization of Ginger-Derived Silver Nanoparticles and Evaluation of Their Antioxidant, Antibacterial, and Anticancer Activities

“…The optimal concentrations of the extract and AgNO3 (1 mg ginger extract in 1 mL of 1 M AgNO3 at 80 °C for 6 h) ensured sufficiently low polydispersity index of the AgNPs and pH 6 yielded the highest quantity of nanoparticles. The formation of NPs was evident by the change in color from pale yellow to dark brown, followed by additional characterization as reported earlier by Garg et al [34], Ganesan et al [35], Plaeyao et al [36], Prasad et al [37], and Mahardika et al [13], where the reaction temperature and time, and the concentration of AgNO3 are known to influence the shape and size of the ensuing NPs.…”

“…Biomolecules such as phenolics and flavonoids serve as active biocatalysts and as natural stabilizers of metallic NPs [2]. The electron-donating capability and capping properties of the phytochemical compounds like tannins help to stabilize metal NPs [13,[29][30][31]. These phytochemicals have been reported to possess antimicrobial properties, as well as serving as antitumor and antioxidant agents [30].…”

“…Nanotechnology holds significant potential in the field of medicine because of the unique physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials and nanoparticles (NPs). Nanoparticles synthesized using plant extracts offer an eco-friendly, cost-effective, non-toxic, and more biocompatible approach for various applications, including medicine [13]. Nanoparticles exhibit a high surface-to-volume ratio, enhanced permeability and retention, slow and controlled release, high chemical and photo stability, prolonged circulation time, low toxicity, and high specificity [14].…”

“…Metals, such as silver, gold, iron, and selenium, and bulk metal oxides, such as copper oxide, zinc oxide, iron oxide, and magnesium oxide, have been utilized in the manufacture of NPs. Silver NPs synthesized with ginger extracts are reported to have unique beneficial properties like chemical stability, electrical conductivity, and photo-electrochemical, catalytic, antienzymatic, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antiseptic, antioxidant, antiapoptotic, and cytotoxic activity, making them of pharmacological interest, in addition to their being cost-effective [11,13,14,18]. AgNPs produced from plant extracts are reported to remain stable even after prolonged storage [18].…”

“…AgNPs produced from plant extracts are reported to remain stable even after prolonged storage [18]. AgNPs have been reported to possess antibacterial efficacy against both multidrug-resistant microorganisms like Klebsiella pneumoniae, E. coli, Enterococcus faecalis, Streptococcus mutans, S. aureus, and Candida albicans, as well as against plant-associated microbes such as Pseudomonas chlororaphis [13,[19][20][21][22][23][24][25]. Notably, the antioxidant properties of ginger AgNPs and gingerol have been demonstrated by [18,26].…”