Antibacterial Activity of Melanin from Cuttlefish and Squid Ink

Abstract

AbstrakKelas Cephalopoda (seperti cumi-cumi dan sotong) memiliki tinta sebagai pertahanan dirinya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membandingkan aktivitas antibakteri melanin dari tinta sotong (Sepia sp.) dengan tinta cumi-cumi (Loligo sp.) terhadap Escherichia coli. Ekstraksi dan pemurnian terhadap tinta sotong dan cumi-cumi dilakukan untuk mendapatkan melanin dengan menggunakan HCl 0,5 M secara mekanik. Melanin yang diperoleh diuji aktivitasnya terhadap E. coli dengan metode kontak langsung antara melanin dan E. coli di dalam nutrient broth. Total mikroba dihitung dengan metode hitungan cawan. Tinta yang berasal dari Sepia sp. ataupun Loligo sp. juga diuji aktivitasnya. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa melanin dari tinta sotong dan cumi-cumi memiliki aktivitas penghambatan pada konsentrasi 10 mg/mL dan 20 mg/mL, secara berturut-turut mencapai 99,99% terhadap E. coli. Tinta dari kedua jenis Cephalopoda tersebut pada konsentrasi yang sama dengan melanin,tidak menunjukkan adanya aktivitas penghambatan terhadap E. coli. Melanin dari Sepia sp. memiliki aktivitas antibakteri terhadap E. coli lebih tinggi dibandingkan melanin dari Loligo sp.Kata kunci: aktivitas antibakteri, E. coli, Loligo sp., melanin, tinta, Sepia sp. Antibacterial Activity of Melanin from Cuttlefish and Squid InkAbstract Class Cephalopods (such as squid and cuttlefish) have ink as are notable for their defences. This study aims to compare the antibacterial activity of melanin from cuttlefish ink (Sepia sp.) with squid ink (Loligo sp.) against E. coli. Extraction and purification studies were carried out on Sepia and Loligo melanin using a hydrochloric acid 0,5M treatment under mechanical.The melanins were obtained and further evaluated their activity by direct contact methods between melanin and E. coli in nutrient broth.Total microbes was counted by total plate count.Both inks also was tested their activity against E. coli. The results showed that melanin from cuttlefish and squid inks had inhibitory activity at concentrations of 10 mg/ml and 20 mg/ ml, respectively reaching 99.99% against E. coli.The inks of both Cephalopods at the same concentration as melanin, did not show any inhibitory activity against E. coli. The melanin of Sepia sp. have a higher antibacterial activity than the melanin of Loligo sp.Keywords: antibacterial activity, cuttlefish, E. coli, Loligo sp., melanin, Sepia sp. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17844/jphpi.v20i2.17907 PENDAHULUANKelas Cephalopoda seperti sotong (Sepia sp.) dan cumi-cumi (Loligo sp.) merupakan komoditi hasil tangkapan perikanan laut yang pemanfaatannya masih sangat terbatas, sementara untuk sotong hanya dikonsumsi dalam bentuk segar.Tinta cumi-cumi ataupun sotong di daerah Kalimantan Selatan yang menjadi daerah pengambilan sampel biasanya dibuang atau tidak dimanfaatkan sebagai bagian dari olahan cumi-cumi.Tinta cumi-cumi maupun tinta sotong mengandung melanin, protein, lemak dan

The Antibacterial Activity of Melanin in the Cuttlefish (Sepia sp.) Ink against Aeromonas sp.

“…This can lead to irregular whole formation in the outer membrane and alter membrane permeability due to the gradual release of LPS molecules and membrane proteins. The results of this study are supported by previous research, which shows an increase in the value of optical density (wavelengths of 260 nm and 280 nm), to the administration of melanin extract on the growth of E. coli (Fitrial & Khotimah, 2017). The increase in optical density is closely related to the presence of bacteria, presumably due to the effect of melanin which inhibits bacterial growth by damaging cell walls (Zhang et al, 2015).…”

Antibacterial potential of marine organisms and coastal plants in combating antibacterial resistance: A review

“…In 2017, a study conducted by Fitrial and Khotimah (2017) from Indonesia demonstrated that melanin from this cuttlefish ink has the potential to suppress 99.99% of E. coli bacteria at a concentration of 10 mg/mL. The antibacterial activity of Sepia sp.…”

Antibacterial Activity of Cuttlefish Sepia sp. (Cephalopoda,) Ink Extract Against Aeromonas hydrophila

“…A study states that cuttlefish ink has antibacterial activity (Nair et al, 2011). Several other researchers have also tested antibacterial activity on extracts from cuttlefish ink, the results of which say that the extract has inhibitory activity against several bacteria such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Klebsiella pneumoniae and E. coli (Yuvaraj et al, 2015;Fitrial and Khotimah, 2017). It is presumably because cuttlefish ink has melanin content where melanin itself has antibacterial activity, although it has not been widely revealed.…”

“…It is presumably because cuttlefish ink has melanin content where melanin itself has antibacterial activity, although it has not been widely revealed. However, the melanin concentration of cuttlefish ink extract (0.010 g / mL) was able to kill bacteria so that after 24-hour incubation, there was only one living cell (inhibition reached 99.99%) (Fitrial and Khotimah, 2017). Besides, Vasantharaja et al (2014) reported that methanol extracts of Sepia sp.…”