Antibacterial activity of essential oils from Psidium and Pilocarpus species of plants

Effects of the essential oil obtained from Pilocarpus spicatus Saint-Hilaire (Rutaceae) on the development of Rhodnius prolixus nymphae

“…In the same way, some Pilocarpus-obtained compounds also act as antidotes on intoxication by Datura stramonium (Salyi;Abonyi, 1994), induce spittling (Kempf, 1999) and have in vitro action against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aereus and Trypanosoma cruzi (Santos et al, 1997;Vieira et al, 2001;Mafezoli et al, 2000;Pavão et al, 2002). Essential oil extracted from a variety of host plants (Guenter, 1972) have been recently reported on account of their effects on the development and behavior of insects as Trialeurodes vaporariorum (Choi et al, 2003), Tribolium confusum (Tunc;Erler, 2003), mosquito species (Tuetun et al, 2004;Costa et al, 2005;Pimenta et al, 2006), Triatoma infestans and Rhodnius neglectus (Fournet et al, 1996;Laurent et al, 1997;Vilaseca et al, 2004), Pediculus humanus (Cestari et al, 2004), Oxyops vitiosa (Wheeler, 2005), Meligethes aeneus (Mauchline et al, 2005) and Lobesia botrana (Katerinopoulos et al, 2005).…”

“…Specially, volatile constituents of P. spicatus essential oil, such as aliphatic ketones have been recently described but, without data about their biological effects (Andrade-Neto et al, 2002). However, it has well been established that P. spicatus essential oil (Santos et al, 1997). Moreover, chalepin -purifi ed from P. spicatus essential oil -complexes in vitro with glycosomal glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase of T. cruzi -a protozoan exclusively transmitted by haematophagous triatomines like R. prolixus (Chagas, 1909) -disrupting the fl agellate development , Pavão et al, 2002.…”

Antioxidant and antibacterial activities of Thymus numidicus and Salvia officinalis essential oils alone or in combination

“…Mi Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) is the lowest concentration which inhibits growth of microorganisms compared with the growth in the control plate (Santos et al, 1997). The minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) represents the lowest concentration at which a percentage of 99.9% of bacteria have been killed (Mah, 2014;Gradinaru et al, 2014).…”

The agar microdilution method - a new method for antimicrobial susceptibility testing for essential oils and plant extracts

“…Due to these difficulties, a technique that is more optimal for assessing the antibacterial activity of plant extracts and oils is the agar dilution method (Silva et al 2005;Tan and Lim 2015). The main advantage of this method is the provision of uniform and stable dispersion of the oils and extracts when they are incorporated into the agar medium (Santos et al 1997;Silva et al 2005). It has been demonstrated (Remmal et al 1993;Mann and Markham 1998;Lahlou 2004) that the addition of merely 0Á2% agar as a stabilizer overcomes the problem of emulsion stability for essential oils in liquid medium.…”