Antibacterial activity of cannabis extract (Cannabis sativa L. subsp. indica (Lam.)) against canine skin infection bacterium Staphylococcus pseudintermedius

Abstract

Superficial bacterial skin infections caused by Staphylococcus pseudintermedius are common in dogs. The cannabis plant has shown potential antibacterial effects, but there is limited information about anti-S. pseudintermedius activity. This study investigated the antibacterial activity of the ethanolic extract and the topical formulations of Cannabis sativa L. subsp. indica (Lam.) against 23 S. pseudintermedius isolates obtained from canine pyoderma using broth microdilution and time-kill assays. The cannabis extract's minimum inhibitory concentrations for 50% (MIC 50 ) and 90% (MIC 90 ) of the tested S. pseudintermedius isolates were 6.25 and 12.50 µg/ml, respectively. The MIC for S. pseudintermedius ATCC 49051 was 6.25 µg/ml. The time-kill test revealed that the bactericidal effect of the cannabis extract was time-and not concentration-dependent. Topical formulations containing 0.5, 1, 2, 5, and 10% w/w cannabis extract showed limited in vitro antimicrobial activity in the time-kill test. Only the formulations with cannabis extract of 10% and 5% w/w could reduce the number of viable S. pseudintermedius ATCC 49051 by more than 3-log 10 (99.9%) at 6 and 24 h, respectively. This study demonstrated that the cannabis extract has a good potential to be developed as an antibacterial agent against S. pseudintermedius. However, a clinical trial should be conducted to determine its in vivo therapeutic efficacy.

Cannabis sativa L.: A Comprehensive review on legislation, decriminalization, phytochemistry, antimicrobial activity, and safety

“…Time kill kinetics assay has also indicated that the antibacterial activity of C. sativa ethanolic extract was time dependent and not concentration dependent, the results of the same study revealed that the exposure to the EtOH extract for 3 h caused a 99% death of bacterial cell. While bacterial exposer for about 24 h to EtOH extract induce the death of 99.99% of S. pseudintermedius ATCC 4905 [ 76 ]. A study performed by Skala et al, (2022) on C. sativa extracts (ethanolic, buthanolic and dimethyl ether extracts) obtained from forbidden fruits and cholocope.…”

In vitro antimicrobial examination and efficacy of Eryngium foetidum L. extract for skin ointment in animal infectious dermatitis treatment

“…Ointment formulations are topical drugs that have very good skin adhesion properties and also act to hydrate the skin by protecting it from water loss. Good adhesion to the animal's skin allows the drug to remain active and last for a long time in the lesion site [33,34]. The lipophilic properties of ointment bases make them compatible with lipophilic active plant compounds and promote their antimicrobial and antioxidant activities.…”

Antibacterial efficacy of essential oil spray formulation for post-milking disinfection in dairy cows

“…The time-kill test was conducted previously described by Aiemsaard et al . [ 12 ], with some modifications. Briefly, 900 μL of the diluted essential oil was thoroughly mixed with 100 μL of bacterial suspension to give final concentrations of 1, 5, 10, and 20× MIC.…”

“…The antibacterial effects of the essential oil spray formulations were determined by the time-kill test [ 12 ]. Briefly, 900 μL of post-milking teat spray and 100 μL of bacterial suspension were mixed thoroughly.…”