Antibacterial Activities of Echinops kebericho Mesfin Tuber Extracts and Isolation of the Most Active Compound, Dehydrocostus Lactone

Abstract

Echinops kebericho Mesfin is traditionally used for the treatment of various infectious diseases. This study investigated antibacterial activity of the essential oil (EO) and the different fractions of ethanol extract. The most active component was isolated and identified. Isolation and purification was accomplished using chromatographic techniques while identification was done by spectroscopic method. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was determined using the broth micro-dilution method. In bioactive-guided isolation, percent inhibition was determined using optical density (OD) measurement. The MICs of the essential oil ranged from 78.125 μg/ml to 625 μg/ml, and its activity was observed against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA, NCTC 12493). Ethyl acetate fraction showed high activity against MRSA (NCTC 12493), MIC = 39.075 μg/ml followed by Enterococcus faecalis (ATCC 49532), MIC = 78.125 μg/ml and was least active against Klebsiella pneumoniae (ATCC 700603), MIC = 1,250 μg/ml. MIC of hexane fraction ranged from 156.2 µg/ml to Escherichia coli (ATCC 49532) to 1,250 μg/ml to E. coli (NCTC 11954). The MICs of chloroform fraction ranged from 312.5 to 2500 μg/ml; while butanol fraction could be considered pharmacologically inactive as its MIC value was 2,500 μg/ml for all and no activity against E. coli (NCTC 11954). Dehydrocostus lactone was successfully isolated and identified whose MIC was 19.53 μg/ml against MRSA. Dehydrocostus lactone isolated from E. kebericho M. showed noteworthy antibacterial activity which lends support to ethnopharmacological use of the plant. Further optimization should be done to improve its antibacterial activities and pharmacokinetic profile.

Ethnobotanical study of endemic and non-endemic medicinal plants used by indigenous people in environs of Gullele botanical garden Addis Ababa, central Ethiopia: A major focus on Asteraceae family

“…The essential oil obtained from this plant exhibited mosquito repellent and larvicidal activity ( Debela et al, 2007 ; Jemberie et al, 2016 ). Deyno et al have shown that the tuber extract of this medicinal plant in five different solvents showed variable MIC concentration against eight bacterial species ( Deyno et al, 2020b ). In the same study they have also shown the antibacterial activity of essential oil of extracted from E. kebericho Mesfin against eight bacteria.…”

“…In most of the preparation of the ethnomedicinal medicines, the root of the plant is mostly used and in some cases the bulb and the stem are used (Bitew and Hymete, 2019). The safety of Echinops kebericho Mesfin has been seen in animal models (Deyno et al, 2020a). Several phytochemical screening studies carried out on E. kebericho Mesfin have shown the presence of flavonoids, alkaloids, triterpenoids, saponins and steroids in the in the essential oil extracted from the roots (Abegaz et al, 1991;Toma et al, 2015).…”

Targeted HPTLC Profile, Quantification of Flavonoids and Phenolic Acids, and Antimicrobial Activity of Dodonaea angustifolia (L.f.) Leaves and Flowers

“…To do this, the crude extract was double-diluted to provide a spectrum of concentrations that were all twice as concentrated as previously. Making a stock solution was the first step, and sterilized nutrient/brain heart infusion broth was used to dilute each crude extract made from stock solutions [ 66 ].…”

Conservation implications of mapping the potential distribution of an Ethiopian endemic versatile medicinal plant, Echinops kebericho Mesfin

“…Echinops kebercho is a multipurpose traditional medicinal plant confined to Ethiopia in distribution (Tadesse, 2004 ; Figure 1 ). It is used to treat various infectious diseases, and bioactive extracts of E. kebericho have antibacterial activities (Deyno et al, 2021 ; Fikadu & Melesse, 2014 ; Tariku & Kebede, 2011 ; Toma et al, 2015 ). The extracts of its rootstock cure epilepsy, epistaxis, atrophy, and sudden sickness (Maryo et al, 2015 ), exhibit high anti‐Leishmanial activity (Tariku et al, 2011 ), and can be used to control insect pests of medical, veterinary, and agricultural values (Hussien et al, 2011 ).…”