Antiatherogenic effects of n-3 fatty acids - evidence and mechanisms

Caterina, Raffaele De; Zampolli, Antonella

doi:10.4081/hi.2006.141

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 95 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…On a human nutrition perspective, these fatty acids can be beneficial as they can be converted to fatty acids with 20 carbon atoms, like arachidonic acid (C20:4 omega-6) and eicosapentaenoic acid (C20:5 omega-3) [59]. Nevertheless, arachidonic acid, derived from linolenic acid, may enhance blood platelet aggregation; hence, it can increase the coronary risk [60]. Arachidonic acid has the potential to partially block the conversion of omega-6 FAs to harmful eicosanoids.…”

Section: Plos Onementioning

confidence: 99%

Inclusion of soybean and linseed oils in the diet of lactating dairy cows makes the milk fatty acid profile nutritionally healthier for the human diet

et al. 2021

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Fluid milk and its derivatives are important dietary ingredients that contribute to daily nutrient intake of the modern Homo sapiens. To produce milk that is healthier for human consumption, the present study evaluated the effect of adding soybean oil and linseed oil in the diet of lactating cows. The fatty acid profile of milk, milk composition, and the blood parameters of cows were evaluated. Eighteen Holstein cows were distributed in a replicated Latin square design and distributed according to the following treatments: 1) Control (CC): traditional dairy cow diet, without addition of oil; 2) Soybean oil (SO): 2.5% addition of soybean oil to the traditional diet, as a source of omega-6; 3) Linseed oil (LO): 2.5% addition of linseed oil in the diet as a source of omega-3. Milk production was not affected, but oil supplementation decreased feed intake by 1.93 kg/cow/day. The milk fat percentage was significantly lower when cows were supplemented with vegetable oil (3.37, 2.75 and 2.89% for CC, SO and LO, respectively). However, both soybean and linseed oils decreased the concentration of saturated fatty acids (66.89, 56.52 and 56.60 g/100g for CC, SO and LO respectively), increased the amount of unsaturated fatty acids in milk (33.05, 43.39, and 43.35 g/100g for CC, SO and LO respectively) and decreased the ratio between saturated/unsaturated fatty acids (2.12, 1.34, and 1.36 for CC, SO and LO respectively). Furthermore, SO and LO increased significantly the concentration of monounsaturated fatty acids (29.58, 39.55 and 39.47 g/100g for CC, SO and LO respectively), though it did not significantly alter the level of polyunsaturated fatty acids in milk fat (3.57, 3.93 and 3.98 g/100g for CC, SO and LO respectively). Supplementation with LO enhanced the concentration of omega-3 fatty acids on milk (0.32, 0.36, and 1.02 for CC, SO and LO respectively). Blood variables aspartate aminotransferase, gamma glutamyl transferase, urea, albumin, creatinine and total proteins were not altered. On the other hand, total cholesterol, HDL and LDL were greater in the group supplemented with vegetable oils. Supplementation with vegetable oils reduced the dry matter intake of cows, the fat content of milk, and improved saturated/unsaturated fatty acid ratio of milk fat. Compared to the SO treatment, animals fed LO produced milk with greater content of omega-3, and a more desirable omega-6/omega-3 ratio on a human nutrition perspective. Thus, the inclusion of SO and LO in the diet of lactating dairy cows makes the milk fatty acid profile nutritionally healthier for the human consumption.

show abstract

Section: Plos Onementioning

confidence: 99%

Inclusion of soybean and linseed oils in the diet of lactating dairy cows makes the milk fatty acid profile nutritionally healthier for the human diet

et al. 2021

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Long-chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids , namely eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acids (EPA and DHA), have recognized antiatherogenic properties (De Caterina and Zampolli 2006). These have been mainly attributed to their hypolipidemic effect but several lines of evidence show that LC-x3PUFAs can reduce atherosclerosis independently of the systemic risk factors, suggesting direct anti-atherogenic action of LC-x3PUFAs at the vascular level (Ishikado et al 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The omega-3 fatty acid docosahexaenoic acid favorably modulates the inflammatory pathways and macrophage polarization within aorta of LDLR−/− mice

et al. 2014

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The omega-3 fatty acid docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) has potent anti-atherogenic properties but its mechanisms of action at the vascular level remain poorly explored. Knowing the broad range of molecular targets of omega-3 fatty acids, microarray analysis was used to open-mindedly evaluate the effects of DHA on aorta gene expression in LDLR(-/-) mice and better understand its local anti-atherogenic action. Mice were fed an atherogenic diet and received daily oral gavages with oils rich in oleic acid or DHA. Bioinformatics analysis of microarray data first identified inflammation and innate immunity as processes the most affected by DHA supplementation within aorta. More precisely, several down-regulated genes were associated with the inflammatory functions of macrophages (e.g., CCL5 and CCR7), cell movement (e.g., ICAM-2, SELP, and PECAM-1), and the major histocompatibility complex (e.g., HLA-DQA1 and HLA-DRB1). Interestingly, several genes were identified as specific biomarkers of macrophage polarization, and their changes suggested a preferential orientation toward a M2 reparative phenotype. This observation was supported by the upstream regulator analysis highlighting the involvement of three main regulators of macrophage polarization, namely PPARγ (z-score = 2.367, p = 1.50 × 10(-13)), INFγ (z-score = -2.797, p = 2.81 × 10(-14)), and NFκB (z-score = 2.360, p = 6.32 × 10(-9)). Moreover, immunohistological analysis of aortic root revealed an increased abundance of Arg1 (+111 %, p = 0.01), a specific biomarker of M2 macrophage. The present study showed for the first time that DHA supplementation during atherogenesis is associated with protective modulation of inflammation and innate immunity pathways within aorta putatively through the orientation of plaque macrophages toward a M2 reparative phenotype.

show abstract

“…On the other hand, higher intake of SFA is frequently reported to be a risk factor of IHD as a pro-atherogenic factor [ 31 ]. However, this study failed to identify a significant relation, other studies indicated that there is SFA had an adverse effect on IHD by increasing the total blood cholesterol concentration [ 32 ] and eventually increase the risk of ischemic stroke [ 33 – 35 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association of dietary fats with ischemic heart disease (IHD): a case–control study

Zeinalabedini,

Ladaninezhad,

Mobarakeh

et al. 2024

J Health Popul Nutr

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background This study aimed to investigate the association between different types of dietary fats with ischemic heart disease (IHD). Methods This case–control study was conducted on 443 cases and 453 controls aged 40–80 years in Tehran, Iran. The semi-quantitative 237-item food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) was used to assess the amount of food intake. Nutritionist IV was applied to test the amount of consumption of dietary fats. Results The case group had a lower intake of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) (11.36 ± 12.58 vs. 14.19 ± 19.57, P = 0.01) than the control group. A negative association was found between IHD and DHA (OR 0.98, CI 95% 0.97–0.99, P = 0.01). No significant association was observed between IHD with the intake of cholesterol, trans fatty acids (TFA), saturated fatty acids (SFA), monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA), polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), eicosatetraenoic acid (EPA), and α-Linolenic acid (ALA). Conclusion It was found that DHA may reduce the risk of IHD, whereas there was no significant association between other types of dietary fats with the odds of IHD. If the results of this study are confirmed in future research, a higher intake of DHA in diet can be recommended as a strategy to prevent IHD events.

show abstract

Antiatherogenic effects of n-3 fatty acids - evidence and mechanisms

Cited by 4 publications

References 95 publications

Inclusion of soybean and linseed oils in the diet of lactating dairy cows makes the milk fatty acid profile nutritionally healthier for the human diet

Inclusion of soybean and linseed oils in the diet of lactating dairy cows makes the milk fatty acid profile nutritionally healthier for the human diet

The omega-3 fatty acid docosahexaenoic acid favorably modulates the inflammatory pathways and macrophage polarization within aorta of LDLR−/− mice

Association of dietary fats with ischemic heart disease (IHD): a case–control study

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About