Antiamylase, Antiglucosidase, and Antiglycation Properties of Millets and Sorghum from Sri Lanka

Abstract

The present study evaluated a range of biological activities of selected millet types and sorghum varieties in Sri Lanka in relation to diabetes and its complications management. Five millet types, namely, proso millet, white finger millet, kodo millet, foxtail millet, and finger millet (Oshadha and Rawana), and two sorghum varieties, namely, sweet sorghum and sorghum ICSV 112, were used in this study. Methanolic extracts of whole grains were studied for antiamylase, antiglucosidase, and early- and middle-stage antiglycation and glycation reversing activities in vitro. Tested millets and sorghum showed significant ( p < 0.05) and dose-dependent antiamylase (IC50: 33.34 ± 1.11–1446.70 ± 54.10 μg/ml), early-stage antiglycation (IC50: 15.42 ± 0.50–270.03 ± 16.29 μg/ml), middle-stage antiglycation (135.08 ± 12.95–614.54 ± 6.99 μg/ml), early-stage glycation reversing (EC50: 91.82 ± 6.56–783.20 ± 61.70 μg/ml), and middle-stage glycation reversing (393.24 ± 8.68–1374.60 ± 129.30 μg/ml) activities. However, none of the studied millet and sorghum showed antiglucosidase activity. Out of the samples studied, pigmented samples, namely, sweet sorghum, Oshadha, and Rawana, exhibited significantly high ( p < 0.05) antiamylase and early- and middle-stage antiglycation and glycation reversing activities compared to other millet and sorghum samples. Interestingly, sweet sorghum exhibited nearly four times potent antiamylase activity compared to the standard drug acarbose (IC50 111.98 ± 2.68 μg/ml) and sweet sorghum, kodo millet, Oshadha, and Rawana showed comparable early-stage antiglycation activities in comparison to the reference standard Rutin (IC50 21.88 ± 0.16 μg/ml). Therefore, consumption of whole grains of pigmented millet and sorghum in Sri Lanka may play an important role in the prevention and management of diabetes and its complications. Interestingly, this is the 1st study to report all the tested biological activities for millet and sorghum in Sri Lanka and the 1st study to report both early- and middle-stage glycation reversing activities of millet and sorghum worldwide.

Dittrichia viscosa L. Leaves: A Valuable Source of Bioactive Compounds with Multiple Pharmacological Effects

“…It was also reported by Thornalley [ 24 ] that the evaluation of these compounds may reflect the glycation reaction process. Therefore, to prevent and manage the complications of diabetes, inhibitors which can reduce the glycation process are extremely valuable [ 25 ]. The effects of D. viscosa extract on the inhibition of dicarbonyl compounds are shown in Figure 2 B.…”

Research Advances on the Damage Mechanism of Skin Glycation and Related Inhibitors

“…The most commonly used method for assessing anti-glycation is the in vitro bovine serum albumin (BSA) glycation system [ 147 , 148 ]. This allows some of our common dietary products, such as yogurt, tea, and fruit, to exhibit some anti-glycation effect [ 149 , 150 , 151 , 152 , 153 ]. Obviously, these are not enough for people to experience significant anti-glycation effects.…”

Nutritional Significance and Antioxidant-Mediated Antiaging Effects of Finger Millet: Molecular Insights and Prospects

“…turn exhibit antiaging effect. Senevirathne et al (2021) have very recently observed antidiabetic properties from different varieties of millets such as finger millet, proso millet, white finger millet, kodo millet, and foxtail millet cultivated in Sri Lanka. The inhibition of early glycation, middle glycation, and reversal of antiglycated products by these millets in diabetes make them crucial functional food for delaying the aging process.…”