Anti-tumor effects of fusion vaccine prepared by renal cell carcinoma 786-O cell line and peripheral blood dendritic cells of healthy volunteers in vitro and in human immune reconstituted SCID mice

Regulation of Tumor Immunity by Tumor/Dendritic Cell Fusions

“…More importantly, in preclinical studies the fusions were also effective to induce CTL responses in vitro using colorectal [25, 97–102], gastric [103, 104], pancreatic [105], breast [43, 106–110], laryngeal [111], ovarian [34, 44, 112], lung [113], prostate [114, 115], renal [116, 117], and hepatocellular [118–120] carcinoma, leukemia [121–126], myeloma [127, 128] sarcoma [129, 130], melanoma [29, 131–133], glioma [124], and plasmacytoma [134]. …”

On chip electrofusion of single human B cells and mouse myeloma cells for efficient hybridoma generation

“…There are a number of methods to achieve fusion in vitro, including chemical (PEG) [5], viral (Epstein-barr) [6] and physical methods (electric fields). The latter one, electrofusion, is the most commonly used approach, as it shows the highest fusion efficiency.…”

Droplet microfluidic platform for cell electrofusion

“…After counting on average 500 droplets per experiment (n = 5), of which 15% (75 droplets) contained two cells and qualified for possible electrofusion, 19 successful electrofusion events were found resulting in 5 % electrofusion efficiency. The established efficiency is comparable to the efficiency of both commercially available methods [53][54][55] as well as on-chip methods 52,[56][57][58] . To compete with existing methods, the electrofusion efficiency must be further improved, and there are several realistic opportunities for this.…”

“…The interaction of the induced dipole with a non-uniform electric field generates a DEP force (F DEP ), which is proportional to the cell volume (R 3 ), the field gradient E 0 and the real part of the Clausius-Mossotti (CM) factor, K(ω). F DEP is given by [53][54][55] :…”

“…The Clausius-Mossotti factor describes the relationship between the dielectric constants of the cell and medium 53,56 . In the case of mammalian cells, this relationship is quite complicated, because the dispersion is a function of the frequency as described above.…”