Anti-Toxoplasma gondii Antibodies in Patients With Schizophrenia--Preliminary Findings in a Turkish Sample

Çetınkaya, Zafer; Yazar, Süleyman; Geçici, Ömer; Namlı, Mustafa

doi:10.1093/schbul/sbm021

Cited by 82 publications

(63 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…These findings revealed a significant difference in T. gondii IgG seropositivity between psychiatric patients and control individuals. In line with our results, Cetinkaya et al (2007) ported that seropositivity rate for anti-Toxoplasma IgG antibodies among schizophrenia patients (66%) was significantly higher than patients with depressive disorder or healthy volunteers (P < 0.01) (33). Thus, Toxoplasma infection might have a causal relationship between toxoplasmosis and the etiology of schizophrenia.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Possible Link Between Toxoplasma gondii Infection and Mood Disorders in Lorestan Province, Western Iran

Kheirandish

Nazari

Mahmoudvand

et al. 2016

Arch Clin Infect Dis

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Background: A large number of epidemiological evidence in humans and experimental studies in rodents have hypothesized that Toxoplasma gondii is a potentially relevant etiological factor in some mood disorders. Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate whether latent toxoplasmosis has any role in mood disorders such as schizophrenia and bipolar disease in Western Iran. Patients and Methods: A total of 170 patients including 85 schizophrenia and 85 bipolar patients referred to the only psychiatric hospital in Lorestan province in Khorramabd city, Western Iran, and 170 healthy volunteers were screened for IgG and IgM anti-T. gondii antibodies by the Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). Structured questionnaires were used to obtain information on risk factors for T. gondii infection. Results: Out of the 170 psychiatric patients, 103 (63.5%) patients were seropositive for IgG antibody and 14 (8.2%) were seropositive for IgM antibody. Of the 85 bipolar patients, 54 (63.5%) and 6 (7%) were found positive for anti-T. gondii IgG and IgM antibodies, respectively; whereas among 85 schizophrenia patients, 49 (57.6%) and 8 (9.4%) samples were found positive for anti-T. gondii IgG and IgM antibodies, respectively. From 170 healthy volunteers, 73 (42.9%) tested seropositive for anti-T. gondii antibodies; 65 (38.2%) tested seropositive for IgG antibody and 8 (4.7%) tested seropositive for IgM antibody. There was a significant difference in T. gondii IgG positivity between the psychiatric patients and control groups (P = 0.009). Several risk factors, which were significantly related to T. gondii seropositivity in psychiatric patients are being in contact with cats (P = 0.004), eating unwashed raw vegetables (P < 0.001), raw-milk/egg consumption (P = 0.001), and drinking clean water (P = 0.035). Conclusions: We concluded that psychiatric patients in general and schizophrenia and bipolar cases in particular had a significantly higher relative frequency of T. gondii infection than healthy individuals of Lorestan Province, Western Iran.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Possible Link Between Toxoplasma gondii Infection and Mood Disorders in Lorestan Province, Western Iran

Kheirandish

Nazari

Mahmoudvand

et al. 2016

Arch Clin Infect Dis

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“…Several research groups from different countries have shown that there is an increase in antibodies against the zoonotic protozoan Toxoplasma gondii in individuals with schizophrenia compared to individuals without the disease in the same populations (Alvarado-Esquivel et al, 2006;Wang et al, 2006;Cetinkaya et al, 2007;Niebuhr et al, 2008). Researchers have also shown that children born to mothers with antibodies to T. gondii are at an increased risk of developing schizophrenia (Brown et al, 2005;Mortensen, Nørgaard-Pedersen, Waltoft, Sørensen, Hougaard et al, 2007;Mortensen, Nørgaard-Pedersen, Waltoft, Sørensen, Hougaard, Torrey, et al, 2007).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Five Antischizophrenic Agents Against Toxoplasma gondii in Human Cell Cultures

Goodwin

Strobl

Lindsay

2011

Journal of Parasitology

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“…TOXO-specific IgG and IgM antibody levels are elevated in schizophrenia [71][72][73][74][75]. In a study in which other demographic variables might affect age, race, sex, and mortality, it was found that the risk of death in serologically positive individuals was five times higher than Toxoplasma gondii seronegative ones [75].…”

Section: Schizophrenia and Toxoplasmosismentioning

confidence: 99%

Toxoplasmosis and Public Health Genomics

Oymak¹,

Merve²,

Sevilay³

et al. 2017

Toxoplasmosis

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Toxoplasma gondii infection generally causes flu-like symptoms in healthy individuals; however, immunosuppression of the infected individual causes reactivation of the pathogen to its active form and relapse of the toxoplasmosis. Today it is known that toxoplasmosis triggers psychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia as well as behavioral changes such as suicide attempts. Although dermatological manifestations are very rare, the dermatological lesions are not unique. In addition, previous toxoplasma infection also causes congenital infections because of placental infection and causes birth defects and spontaneous abortion. T. gondii strains are mainly divided into three main clonal lineages, yet higher recombination rate causes unusual population structure and heterogeneous distribution of the pathogen. Both genetic variations, of the pathogen and the patients, are important for virulence property and success of the therapies. The scientist focuses on the genetic variations of the pathogens and individuals to achieve effective treatment and developed tailor-made medicines. Thus, understanding the molecular basis of the disease and the link of molecular mechanism with host immunity is important to fully know the disease and related disorders. In this chapter, we would like to evaluate the current knowledge on genetic, molecular characteristics of toxoplasmosis in view of public health genomics.

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Anti-Toxoplasma gondii Antibodies in Patients With Schizophrenia--Preliminary Findings in a Turkish Sample

Cited by 82 publications

References 14 publications

Possible Link Between Toxoplasma gondii Infection and Mood Disorders in Lorestan Province, Western Iran

Possible Link Between Toxoplasma gondii Infection and Mood Disorders in Lorestan Province, Western Iran

Evaluation of Five Antischizophrenic Agents Against Toxoplasma gondii in Human Cell Cultures

Toxoplasmosis and Public Health Genomics

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