Anti-Stress Effects of Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation (TENS) on Colonic Motility in Rats

Yoshimoto, Sazu; Babygirija, Reji; Dobner, Anthony; Ludwig, Kirk; Takahashi, Toshio

doi:10.1007/s10620-012-2040-8

Cited by 33 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…15 Acupuncture at ST36 could facilitate distal colonic motility, 19,45,49 which could be diminished by atropine or transection of pelvic nerve. 45,50 This suggests that sacral parasympathetic nerve fibers, components of the pelvic nerve, play a critical role in the acceleration of distal colonic motility induced by acupuncture at ST36. Sacral parasympathetic efferents innervate the distal colon and the parasympathetic innervations of the proximal colon originate from the vagus nerve.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acupuncture at heterotopic acupoints facilitates distal colonic motility via activating M₃ receptors and somatic afferent C‐fibers in normal, constipated, or diarrhoeic rats

Gao

Qin

et al. 2015

Neurogastroenterology Motil

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Key Messages• Acupuncture at heterotopic acupoints increases distal colonic motility regardless of normal or pathological conditions via predominately activating C-fibers of somatic afferent nerve and M 3 receptors.• To investigate the effects of acupuncture on distal colonic motility, particularly in pathological conditions, and the precise mechanism employed in the regulation of acupuncture on colonic motility.• A warm-water-filled manometric balloon inserted 5-6 cm into the rectum of anesthetized rats was used to assess distal colonic motility. Acupuncture was performed at heterotopic acupoints.• Acupuncture at heterotopic acupoints increased distal colonic motility not only in normal rats but also in rats with constipation or diarrhea, and M 3 receptors play an important role in the facilitation of distal colonic motility. Activating afferent nerve C-fibers are essential for enhanced distal colonic motility by acupuncture. AbstractBackground Previous studies have demonstrated the efficacy of somatic stimulation for patients with gastrointestinal motility disorders. However, little effort has been made to investigate the effects of acupuncture on colonic motility, particularly in pathological conditions. The precise mechanism employed in the regulation of acupuncture on colonic motility still remains unclear. Methods We assessed the effect of acupuncture at heterotopic acupoints on distal colonic motility using a warm-water-filled manometric balloon inserted 5-6 cm into the rectum of anesthetized normal rats or rats with diarrhea or constipation. Choline chloride, 4-DAMP, cobra venom and capsaicin were separately applied to investigate the role of M 3 receptors in the regulation of distal colonic motility by acupuncture at heterotopic acupoints, and whether Ad-and/or C-fibers are required for triggering distal colonic motility by acupuncture. Key Results Acupuncture at heterotopic acupoints increased distal colonic motility not only in normal rats but also in rats with constipation or diarrhea. M 3 receptors play an important role in the facilitation of distal colonic motility triggered by acupuncture at heterotopic acupoints. Afferent nerve Ad-and C-fibers mediate the transduction of the acupuncture signal and C-fibers are essential for enhancing the effect of acupuncture at the heterotopic acupoint on distal colonic motility.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acupuncture at heterotopic acupoints facilitates distal colonic motility via activating M₃ receptors and somatic afferent C‐fibers in normal, constipated, or diarrhoeic rats

Gao

Qin

et al. 2015

Neurogastroenterology Motil

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“…Accumulating evidence suggests a major role of stress in the development of FBD, especially for constipation- or diarrhoea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) 23 Stress has an extensive effect on colonic function, with altered motor function and stimulation of defaecation 3. In daily life, people encounter various types of psychological and physical stress, which may contribute to accelerated colonic transit and lead to abnormal defaecation symptoms 4…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…6 CRF is also known to play a major role in the regulation of GI functions. Central or peripheral injection of CRF delays gastric emptying and stimulates colonic motility 3. Administration of a CRF antagonist can abolish stress-induced increases in colonic motility,6 7 which suggests that stress influences GI motility via CRF signalling.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electroacupuncture Ameliorates Abnormal Defaecation and Regulates Corticotrophin-Releasing Factor in a Rat Model of Stress

Zhao

Changxiang

et al. 2017

Acupunct Med

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ObjectiveTo examine the effect of electroacupuncture (EA) treatment on abnormal defaecation in a rat model of chronic heterotypic stress (CHS) and investigate the underlying mechanisms.Methods20 male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into three groups: normal (n=6), CHS (n=7), and CHS+EA (n=7). Rats in the CHS group and CHS+EA groups received four different types of stressors for 7 days. For rats in the CHS+EA group, EA was applied at ST36 in the bilateral hind legs for 30 min before each stress-loading session. Rats in the normal group did not receive stressors or EA treatment. The faecal pellets of each rat were collected and weighed at a fixed time every day. Protein expression of corticotrophin-releasing factor (CRF) in the hypothalamus and colorectal tissues was measured by Western blotting at the end of the experiment on the 7th day.ResultsAfter 7 consecutive days of CHS, the number of faecal pellets, faecal wet weight, and faecal water content were significantly increased in the CHS group compared with the normal group (p=0.035, p=0.008 and p=0.008, respectively). All three parameters were significantly decreased in CHS+EA versus CHS groups (p=0.030, p=0.011 and p=0.006, respectively). Stress significantly increased CRF expression in both the hypothalamus and colorectal tissues. The excessive CRF responses seen following CHS were significantly suppressed by EA treatment.ConclusionsEA treatment can ameliorate stress loading induced abnormal defaecation in rats and decrease protein expression of CRF centrally (hypothalamus) and peripherally (colorectal tissues), suggesting a potentially therapeutic role for EA in stress-related responses.

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“…Parasympathetic nerves play a critical role in the excitatory regulation of gastrointestinal motility via acupuncture or acupuncture-like stimulation at heterotopic acupoints such as ST36 (Zusanli), ST37 (Shangjuxu), and LI11 (Quchi) [9, 36, 37]. It has been demonstrated that parasympathetic terminals release the contractile neurotransmitter acetylcholine (ACh).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

β1/2 or M2/3 Receptors Are Required for Different Gastrointestinal Motility Responses Induced by Acupuncture at Heterotopic or Homotopic Acupoints

Gao

Zhao

et al. 2016

PLoS ONE

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Acupuncture at homotopic acupoints or heterotopic acupoints is known to either inhibit or facilitate gastrointestinal motility, depending on the acupoint location. However, little effort has been made to investigate the roles of specific receptors (such as adrenergic and muscarinic acetylcholine receptors) in mediating the effects of acupuncture at heterotopic and homotopic acupoints. Different adrenergic receptor subtypes or cholinergic receptor subtypes are predominantly expressed in various sections of the gut, resulting in variations between the effects of acupuncture at heterotopic or homotopic acupoints on gastrointestinal motility. Here, we investigated the role of β1/β2 receptors and M2/M3 receptors in gastrointestinal motility regulated by acupuncture at ST37, a heterotopic acupoint, and ST25, a homotopic acupoint, by simultaneously recording intraluminal pressures in the distal colon and stomach or jejunum and examining fecal phenol red excretion in β1/2 receptor-knockout mice and M2/3 receptor-knockout mice. We found that knockout of the M2/3 receptor significantly inhibited ST37 acupuncture-induced enhancement of gastric motility, jejunal motility, and colonic motility. Additionally, knocking out of the β1/2 receptor significantly diminished the ST25 acupuncture-induced inhibition of gastric motility and jejunal motility without significantly altering the enhancement of colonic motility induced by acupuncture at ST25. Acupuncture at ST37 significantly accelerated gastrointestinal transition in β1/2 receptor-knockout mice and their wild-type littermates. However, this acceleration of gastrointestinal transition was markedly diminished in M2/3 receptor-knockout mice relative to their wild-type littermates. Acupuncture at ST25 significantly increased gastrointestinal transition in β1/2 receptor-knockout mice and significantly decreased gastrointestinal transition in M2/3 receptor-knockout mice without altering gastrointestinal transition in wild-type littermates of either. Our study revealed that M2/3 receptors are required for the gastrointestinal motility associated with whole gastrointestinal transition enhanced by acupuncture at heterotopic acupoints, whereas β1/2 receptors are required for the same gastrointestinal motility processes inhibited by acupuncture at homotopic acupoints. Therefore, our findings reveal important biological mechanisms underlying acupuncture treatment of disorders involving gastrointestinal motility dysfunction.

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Anti-Stress Effects of Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation (TENS) on Colonic Motility in Rats

Abstract: It is suggested that TENS upregulates hypothalamic OXT expression which acts as an anti-stressor agent and mediates restored colonic dysmotility following chronic stress. TENS may be useful to treat gastrointestinal symptoms associated with stress.

Cited by 33 publications

References 55 publications

Acupuncture at heterotopic acupoints facilitates distal colonic motility via activating M₃ receptors and somatic afferent C‐fibers in normal, constipated, or diarrhoeic rats

Acupuncture at heterotopic acupoints facilitates distal colonic motility via activating M₃ receptors and somatic afferent C‐fibers in normal, constipated, or diarrhoeic rats

Electroacupuncture Ameliorates Abnormal Defaecation and Regulates Corticotrophin-Releasing Factor in a Rat Model of Stress

β1/2 or M2/3 Receptors Are Required for Different Gastrointestinal Motility Responses Induced by Acupuncture at Heterotopic or Homotopic Acupoints

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Anti-Stress Effects of Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation (TENS) on Colonic Motility in Rats

Abstract: It is suggested that TENS upregulates hypothalamic OXT expression which acts as an anti-stressor agent and mediates restored colonic dysmotility following chronic stress. TENS may be useful to treat gastrointestinal symptoms associated with stress.

Cited by 33 publications

References 55 publications

Acupuncture at heterotopic acupoints facilitates distal colonic motility via activating M3 receptors and somatic afferent C‐fibers in normal, constipated, or diarrhoeic rats

Acupuncture at heterotopic acupoints facilitates distal colonic motility via activating M3 receptors and somatic afferent C‐fibers in normal, constipated, or diarrhoeic rats

Electroacupuncture Ameliorates Abnormal Defaecation and Regulates Corticotrophin-Releasing Factor in a Rat Model of Stress

β1/2 or M2/3 Receptors Are Required for Different Gastrointestinal Motility Responses Induced by Acupuncture at Heterotopic or Homotopic Acupoints

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Acupuncture at heterotopic acupoints facilitates distal colonic motility via activating M₃ receptors and somatic afferent C‐fibers in normal, constipated, or diarrhoeic rats

Acupuncture at heterotopic acupoints facilitates distal colonic motility via activating M₃ receptors and somatic afferent C‐fibers in normal, constipated, or diarrhoeic rats