Anti-Stokes laser cooling in Yb^3+-doped KPb_2Cl_5 crystal

Mendioroz, A.; Fernández, J.; Vodâ, M.; Al-Saleh, M.; Balda, Rolindes; García-Adeva, Ángel J.

doi:10.1364/ol.27.001525

Cited by 67 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Laser cooling of a solid was first experimentally demonstrated in 1995 with the ytterbium-doped fluorozirconate glass ZBLANP:Yb 3+ [14]. Laser-induced cooling has since been observed in a range of glasses and crystals doped with Yb 3+ (ZBLANP [19][20][21][22], ZBLAN [23,24], CNBZn [9,25] BIG [25,26], KGd(WO 4 ) 2 [9], KY(WO 4 ) 2 [9], YAG [27], Y 2 SiO 5 [27], KPb 2 Cl 5 [25,28], BaY 2 F 8 [29][30][31], and YLF [32,33]). Fig.…”

Section: The 4-level Model For Optical Refrigerationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Laser cooling of solids

Sheik‐Bahae¹,

Epstein

2009

Laser & Photonics Reviews

121

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We present an overview of solid-state optical refrigeration also known as laser cooling in solids by fluorescence upconversion. The idea of cooling a solid-state optical material by simply shining a laser beam onto it may sound counter intuitive but is rapidly becoming a promising technology for future cryocoolers. We chart the evolution of this science in rare-earth doped solids and semiconductors.Measured cooling efficiency as a function of the pump laser wavelength for a 1.2% Tm +3 doped BaY2F8 crystal at room temperature. The solid line is calculated using the absorption spectrum [30].

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Section: The 4-level Model For Optical Refrigerationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Laser cooling of solids

Sheik‐Bahae¹,

Epstein

2009

Laser & Photonics Reviews

121

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“…The crystal growth processes of Er-doped and Dy-doped potassium lead chloride with good optical quality were reported detailedly.The unpolarized absorption spectra of them were displayed in this article.Based on the Judd-Ofelt theory, the spectroscopic parameters such as line strengths,oscillator strengths and J-O parameters were obtained.The intensity parameters Ω t (t=2, 4,6) …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Measurements of X-ray diffraction (XRD) and absorption spectra were carried out. Based on Judd-Ofelt theory, the intensity parameters Ω t (t=2, 4,6), the experimental and theoretical oscillator strengths have been obtained. The intensity parameters Ω t (t=2, 4,6) …”

Section: +mentioning

confidence: 99%

Crystal growth and spectral analysis of Dy³⁺ and Er³⁺ doped KPb₂Cl₅ as a mid‐infrared laser crystal

Wang

Tu³

et al. 2007

Cryst. Res. Technol.

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This paper reports crystal growth and optical characteristics of dysprosium (Dy 3+ ) and erbium (Er 3+) doped mid-infrared laser crystal ternary-potassium-lead-chloride (KPb 2 Cl 5 ). Two transparent crystals with good optical quality have been grown successfully by using the Bridgman technique, the largest crystal size reaches up to Ø10×60mm 2 . Measurements of X-ray diffraction (XRD) and absorption spectra were carried out. Based on Judd-Ofelt theory, the intensity parameters Ω t (t=2,4,6), the experimental and theoretical oscillator strengths have been obtained. The intensity parameters Ω t (t=2,4,6

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“…In particular, bulk solids have been cooled from room temperature to 208 K (creating a temperature difference ÁT ¼ 92 K) [124]. Continuous progress has been made [122,125,126] toward achieving cryogenic temperatures. For semiconductors, theoretical predictions have shown their potential to be cooled to as low as 50 K starting from the room temperature [127], but experimental success is yet to be achieved due to some serious challenges (including potential for total reflection and reabsorption of the fluorescent emission).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of Heat Transfer Physics

Carey

Chen

Grigoropoulos

et al. 2008

Nanoscale & Microscale Thermophysical Eng.

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With rising science contents of the engineering research and education, we give examples of the quest for fundamental understanding of heat transfer at the atomic level. These include transport as well as interactions (energy conversion) involving phonon, electron, fluid particle, and photon (or electromagnetic wave). Examples are 1. development of MD and DSMC fluid simulations as tools in nanoscale and microscale thermophysical engineering. 2. nanoscale thermal radiation, where the characteristic structural size becomes comparable to or smaller than the radiation (electromagnetic) wavelength. 3. laser-based nanoprocessing, where the surface topography, texture, etc., are modified with nanometer lateral feature definition using pulsed laser beams and confining optical energy by coupling to near-field scanning optical microscopes. 4. photon-electron-phonon couplings in laser cooling of solids, where the thermal vibrational energy (phonon) is removed by the anti-Stokes fluorescence; i.e., the photons emitted by an optical material have a mean energy higher than that of the absorbed photons.Nanoscale and Microscale Thermophysical Engineering, 12: 1-60, 2008 Copyright Ó Taylor 5. exploring the limits of thermal transport in nanostructured materials using spectrally dependent phonon scattering and vibrational spectra mismatching, to impede a particular phonon bands.These examples suggest that the atomic-level heat transfer builds on and expands electromagnetism (EM), atomic-molecular-optical physics, and condensed-matter physics. The theoretical treatments include ab initio calculations, molecular dynamics simulations, Boltzmann transport theory, and near-field EM thermal emission prediction. Experimental methods include near-field microscopy.Heat transfer physics describes the kinetics of storage, transport, and transformation of microscale energy carriers (phonon, electron, fluid particle, and photon). Sensible heat is stored in the thermal motion of atoms in various phases of matter. The atomic energy states and their populations are described by the classical and the quantum statistical mechanics (partition function and combinatoric energy distribution probabilities). Transport of thermal energy by the microscale carriers is based on their particle, quasi-particle, and wave descriptions; their diffusion, flow, and propagation; and their scattering and transformation encountered as they travel. The mechanisms of energy transitions among these energy carriers, and their rates (kinetics), are governed by the match of their energies, their interaction probabilities, and the various hindering-mechanism rate (kinetics) limits. Conservation of energy describes the interplay among energy storage, transport, and conversion, from the atomic to the continuum scales.With advances in micro-and nanotechnology, heat transfer engineering of micro-and nanostructured systems has offered new opportunities for research and education. New journals, including Nanoscale and Microscale Thermophysical Engineering, have allowed communi...

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Anti-Stokes laser cooling in Yb^3+-doped KPb_2Cl_5 crystal

Cited by 67 publications

References 15 publications

Laser cooling of solids

Laser cooling of solids

Crystal growth and spectral analysis of Dy³⁺ and Er³⁺ doped KPb₂Cl₅ as a mid‐infrared laser crystal

A Review of Heat Transfer Physics

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Anti-Stokes laser cooling in Yb^3+-doped KPb_2Cl_5 crystal

Cited by 67 publications

References 15 publications

Laser cooling of solids

Laser cooling of solids

Crystal growth and spectral analysis of Dy3+ and Er3+ doped KPb2Cl5 as a mid‐infrared laser crystal

A Review of Heat Transfer Physics

Contact Info

Product

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Crystal growth and spectral analysis of Dy³⁺ and Er³⁺ doped KPb₂Cl₅ as a mid‐infrared laser crystal