Laser cooling of solids

Sheik‐Bahae, Mansoor; Epstein, Richard I.

doi:10.1002/lpor.200810038

Cited by 121 publications

(97 citation statements)

References 78 publications

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“…COP is comparable to that of thermoelectric coolers at similar operating temperatures in practice, 46 and is significantly higher than other photon-based solid-state cooling schemes, including laser cooling of solids. 47,48 Therefore, the results here show that the device in Fig. 1 can in principle be used as a high-efficiency solid-state cooling device, even in the presence of significant non-radiative recombination and phonon-polariton heat transfer.…”

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confidence: 65%

Heat-flux control and solid-state cooling by regulating chemical potential of photons in near-field electromagnetic heat transfer

et al. 2015

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We consider near-field heat transfer with non-zero chemical potential for photons, as can occur between two semiconductor bodies, held at different temperatures with at least one of the bodies under external bias. We show that the dependence of radiative heat flux on chemical potential enables electronic control of both the direction and magnitude of near-field heat transfer between the two bodies. Moreover such a configuration can operate as a solid-state cooling device whose efficiency can approach the Carnot limit in the ideal case. Significant cooling can also be achieved in the presence of inherent non-idealities including Auger recombination and parasitic phononpolariton heat transfer. a shanhui@stanford.edu

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confidence: 65%

Heat-flux control and solid-state cooling by regulating chemical potential of photons in near-field electromagnetic heat transfer

et al. 2015

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“…Models of optical refrigeration include a four-level 14 , and two-level model 15 . We note that the efficiency of optical cryocooling is degraded when there are any nonradiative routes for the optically excited state to decay through.…”

Section: Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optical cryocooling of diamond

et al. 2017

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The cooling of solids by optical means only using anti-Stokes emission has a long history of research and achievements. Such cooling methods have many advantages ranging from no-moving parts or fluids through to operation in vacuum and may have applications to cryosurgery. However achieving large optical cryocooling powers has been difficult to achieve except in certain rare-earth crystals. Through study of the emission and absorption cross sections we find that diamond, containing either NV or SiV (Nitrogen or Silicon vacancy), defects shows potential for optical cryocooling and in particular, NV doping shows promise for optical refrigeration. We study the optical cooling of doped diamond microcrystals ranging 10−250 µm in diameter trapped either in vacuum or in water. For the vacuum case we find NV-doped microdiamond optical cooling below room temperature could exceed |∆T | > 10 K, for irradiation powers of Pin < 100 mW. We predict that such temperature changes should be easily observed via large alterations in the diffusion constant for optically cryocooled microdiamonds trapped in water in an optical tweezer or via spectroscopic signatures such as the ZPL width or Raman line.Optical refrigeration, or optical cryocooling, uses antiStokes emission in solids to deplete the phonon population within the solid, cooling it. First suggested by Pringsheim 1 , and initially demonstrated by Epstein et al in 19952 , the phenomena is observed when low entropy laser light is primarily absorbed at wavelengths slightly longer than the mean fluorescence wavelength (λ f ) of the material. The light is reemitted with a broadband fluorescence possessing a mean energy which is higher than the incident pump laser. The increase in energy is due to absorption of lattice phonons (vibrations), reducing the net temperature of the solid. Optical refrigeration has experimentally achieved temperatures of T ∼155K (from room temperature) using ytterbium-doped fluoride crystal (YLiF 4 : Yb 3+ ) 3 , T ∼250K (from 290K), for the semiconductor CdS 4 , and T ∼114K more recently using a multi-pass setup with Yb-doped crystals 5 . These temperatures outperform Peltier/thermoelectric coolers and reach into the defined cryogenic regime (<123K). Importantly they operate with no mechanical vibrations, magnetic/electric fields or moving mechanical/liquid/gas components and are ideal refrigeration solutions in many difficult/sensitive situations eg. optomechanical, space, sensing experiments 6-9 . In addition, spin properties of diamond defects have recently attracted much attention owing to their long spin coherence times T 2 . Since T 2 times increase at low temperatures, a new way of cooling diamond is important for applications where long spin relaxation times are needed. Microscopic diamond crystals are highly biocompatible and can be functionalised to attach to specific biologically important ligands 10 . Cryosurgery and cryotherapy is a method to destroy diseased or harmful tissues within the body and involves cyclic freezing and thawing of the ...

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“…Sample is mechanically supported by seven optical fibers protruding from the clamshell walls, thus minimizing the adverse conductive heat load. Sample temperature is monitored using non-contact differential luminescence thermometry (DLT) technique [2] which deduces the temperature from corresponding variations of fluorescence spectrum. Using active cavity stabilization outlined in Fig.…”

Section: +mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…With laser light tuned to the wavelengths just above mean emission wavelength (λ f ) of the transition, the subsequent fluorescence upconversion requires phonon absorption in order to establish quasi equilibrium. The efficient escape of the fluorescence then carries heat and entropy away from the material resulting in net cooling [1,2]. The essential conditions for achieving this cooling in solids are availability of high quantum efficiency transition and extremely high purity materials.…”

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confidence: 99%

Demonstration of an Optical Cryocooler

Seletskiy

Melgaard

Bigotta

et al. 2009

Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics/International Quantum Electronics Conference

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Abstract:We present the first observation of cryogenic operation in an all-solid-state refrigerator. A temperature drop of ∼150 K is demonstrated in a 0.2 cm 3 rare-earth doped fluoride crystal (Yb:YLF) using fluorescence upcoversion, at a record cooling power of 110 mW. Lowest electronic transition within Yb 3+ Stark manifold along with cavity enhanced absorption and thermal-load management were key in achieving this operation. We show that temperatures down to 100 K are achievable in this arrangement given sufficient absorbed laser power at 1020 nm.

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Laser cooling of solids

Cited by 121 publications

References 78 publications

Heat-flux control and solid-state cooling by regulating chemical potential of photons in near-field electromagnetic heat transfer

Heat-flux control and solid-state cooling by regulating chemical potential of photons in near-field electromagnetic heat transfer

Optical cryocooling of diamond

Demonstration of an Optical Cryocooler

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