Anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG and Neutralizing Antibody Levels in Patients with Past COVID-19 Infection: A Longitudinal Study

Dinç, Harika Öykü; Demırci, Mehmet; Özdemir, Yusuf; Sirekbasan, Serhat; Aktaş, Ayse Nur; Karaali, Rıdvan; Tok, Yeşim Tuyji; Özbey, Doğukan; Akçin, Rüveyda; Gareayaghi, Nesrin; Kuşkucu, Mert Ahmet; Midilli, Kenan; Aygün, Gökhan; Sarıbaş, Suat; Kocazeybek, Bekir

doi:10.4274/balkanmedj.galenos.2022.2021-8-131

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Monitoring SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in the host is essential for determining the significance of these antibodies in avoiding illness and revising vaccination policy [ 11 ]. Therefore, determining the changes in anti-S-RBD antibody and surrogate neutralizing antibody (snAb) levels in healthy persons before and after the third BNT162b2 vaccination (on the 15th, 60th, and 90th days) was the focus of our investigation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Could Prior COVID-19 Affect the Neutralizing Antibody after the Third BNT162b2 Booster Dose: A Longitudinal Study

et al. 2023

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Vaccination is an essential public health measure for preventing the spread of illness during this continuing COVID-19 epidemic. The immune response developed by the host or the continuation of the immunological response caused by vaccination is crucial since it might alter the epidemic’s prognosis. In our study, we aimed to determine the titers of anti-S-RBD antibody and surrogate neutralizing antibody (snAb) formed before and after the third dose of the BNT162b2 vaccination (on the 15th, 60th, and 90th days) in healthy adults who did not have any comorbidity either with or without prior SARS-CoV-2 infection. In this longitudinal prospective study, 300 healthy persons were randomly included between January and February 2022, following two doses of BNT162b2 immunization and before a third dosage. Blood was drawn from the peripheral veins. SARS-CoV-2 NCP IgG and anti-S-RBD IgG levels were detected by the CMIA method, and a surrogate neutralizing antibody was seen by the ELISA method. Our study included 154 (51.3%) female and 146 (48.7%) male (total 300) participants. The participants’ median age was 32.5 (IQR:24–38). It was discovered that 208 individuals (69.3%) had never been infected with SARS-CoV-2, whereas 92 participants (30.7%) had SARS-CoV-2 infections in the past. Anti-S-RBD IgG and nAb IH% levels increased 5.94- and 1.26-fold on day 15, 3.63- and 1.22-fold on day 60, and 2.33- and 1.26-fold on day 90 after the third BNT162b2 vaccine dosage compared to pre-vaccination values (Day 0). In addition, the decrease in anti-S-RBD IgG levels on the 60th and 90th days was significantly different in the group without prior SARS-CoV-2 infection compared to the group with past SARS-CoV-2 infection (p < 0.05). In conclusion, it was observed that prior SARS-CoV-2 infection and the third BNT162b2 vaccine dose led to a lower decrease in both nAb and anti-S-RBD IgG levels. To evaluate the vaccine’s effectiveness and update immunization programs, however, it is necessary to perform multicenter, longer-term, and comprehensive investigations on healthy individuals without immune response issues, as there are still circulating variants.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Tests with a nAb IH% ≥35% were regarded as positive, and tests with a nAb IH% <20% were deemed negative. According to the manufacturer’s instructions, nAb IH% between 20% and 35% was deemed borderline [ 10 , 11 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Could Prior COVID-19 Affect the Neutralizing Antibody after the Third BNT162b2 Booster Dose: A Longitudinal Study

et al. 2023

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“…Antibodies and memory B cells are considered correlates of protection against various viral infections [ 29 ]. However, anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies may not be serving the purpose as evident from the reports of reinfection in seropositive recovered/ breakthrough infections [ 30 , 31 ]. A lack of correlation between anti-IgG antibody levels against an antigen and the percentages of CD4 + naive T cells could be related to different types of immune responses generated and also to the factors responsible for the complexity of the immune system.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Broadly Reactive SARS-CoV-2-Specific T-Cell Response and Participation of Memory B and T Cells in Patients with Omicron COVID-19 Infection

Yadav,

Sahay,

Salwe

et al. 2023

Journal of Immunology Research

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January 2022 onward, India witnessed a sudden increase in Omicron COVID-19 infections, having a mild course that prompted us to identify the key host factors/immune molecules modulating disease course/outcomes. The current study evaluated the percentages of lymphocyte subsets by flowcytometry, SARS-CoV-2 specific T-cell immune response by ELISPOT, estimation of plasma cytokine/chemokine levels on a Bio-plex Multiplex Immunoassay System and anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG levels by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in 19 mild Omicron infected patients, 45 mild SARS-CoV-2 (2020) patients and 36 uninfected controls from India. Natural killer cells, B and memory B cells were high in vaccinated and total Omicron-infected patients groups compared to the mild SARS-CoV-2 (2020) patient group, while CD8+ T cells were high in total Omicron-infected patients group compared to the uninfected control group ( p < 0.05 each). Omicron-infected patients had T-cell response against SARS-CoV-2 whole virus, S1 proteins (wild type and delta variant) in 10 out of 17 (59%), 10 out of 17 (59%), and 8 out of 17 (47%), respectively. The current study of Omicron-infected patients elucidates broadly reactive antibody, T-cell response, and participation of memory B and T cells induced by vaccination/natural infection. The limited effect of Omicron’s mutations on T-cell response is suggestive of protection from severity. Pro-inflammatory IL-6, IFN-γ, chemokines CCL-2, CCL-3, CCL-4, CCL-5, and IL-8 as potential biomarkers of Omicron infection may have future diagnostic importance. The cellular immune response data in Omicron-infected patients with parental Omicron lineage could serve as a starting point to define the readouts of protective immunity against circulating Omicron subvariants.

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“…Interestingly, in the group with underlying diseases, the patients were older and had a lower proportion of vaccinated patients when compared with the group of patients without underlying diseases. Anti-CoV IgG is a protective IgG that is capable of adhering to the virus and preventing it from entering the host cell ( Dinc et al, 2022 ). Vaccination is the most effective way to boost the levels of anti-CoV IgG, and our results showed that patients with underlying disease are older and less vaccinated, indicating that age and underlying disease are factors influencing the symptomatic patients and long total disease course in re-positive patients.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Milder symptoms and shorter course in patients with re-positive COVID-19: A cohort of 180 patients from Northeast China

Zhu

Zhang

et al. 2022

Front. Microbiol.

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China experienced another widespread Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak recently caused by the Omicron variant, which is less severe but far more contagious than the other COVID-19 variants, leading local governments to focus efforts on eliminating the spread of the disease. Previous studies showed that after “recovering” from the virus, some patients could re-test positive for COVID-19 with nucleic acid tests, challenging the control of disease spread. In this study, we aimed to analyze the clinical and laboratory characteristics of re-positive COVID-19 patients in Northeast China. We retrospectively analyzed data from confirmed reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) re-positive COVID-19 patients who were admitted to the First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin Province, China, from March to June 2022. Detailed clinical symptoms, medical history, anti-Corona Virus (CoV) IgG and IgM levels, and CoV nucleic acid cycle threshold (Ct) values during the re-positive period were collected and analyzed. A total of 180 patients were included in this study, including 62 asymptomatic cases and 118 mild cases. The cohort included 113 men and 67 women, with an average age of 45.73 years. The median time between recovery from the virus and re-positivity was 13 days. Our results showed that the proportion of re-positive patients with symptoms was lower, and the nucleic acid test-positive duration was shorter during the re-positive period. Furthermore, in patients with underlying disease, the proportion of patients with symptoms was higher, anti-CoV IgG levels were lower, and the total disease duration was longer. In conclusion, during the re-positive period, the symptoms were milder, and the CoV nucleic acid test-positive course was shorter. The concomitant underlying disease is an important factor associated with clinical symptoms, and the overall course of COVID-19 re-positive patients may be associated with lower anti-CoV IgG levels. Large-scale and multicenter studies are recommended to better understand the pathophysiology of recurrence in patients with COVID-19.

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Anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG and Neutralizing Antibody Levels in Patients with Past COVID-19 Infection: A Longitudinal Study

Cited by 6 publications

References 17 publications

Could Prior COVID-19 Affect the Neutralizing Antibody after the Third BNT162b2 Booster Dose: A Longitudinal Study

Could Prior COVID-19 Affect the Neutralizing Antibody after the Third BNT162b2 Booster Dose: A Longitudinal Study

Broadly Reactive SARS-CoV-2-Specific T-Cell Response and Participation of Memory B and T Cells in Patients with Omicron COVID-19 Infection

Milder symptoms and shorter course in patients with re-positive COVID-19: A cohort of 180 patients from Northeast China

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