Anti-SARS-CoV-2 and anti-cytokine storm neutralizing antibody therapies against COVID-19: Update, challenges, and perspectives

Batista, Cassiano Martin; Foti, Leonardo

doi:10.1016/j.intimp.2021.108036

Cited by 10 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 101 publications

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“…Although the reported antibiotic prescription rate (29.1%) was lower than previously reported ( 2 ), it still remarkably exceeded that of the confirmed bacterial co-infections (1.8%). However, for patients who develop severe hypoxemia, immune modulation with corticosteroids and anti-IL6 are suggested to limit the collateral damage of the cytokine storm ( 3 ). Aggressive supportive care such as central venous catheterization, mechanical ventilation, and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation may be needed for those with respiratory failure and hemodynamic instability.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Nosocomial septicemia in COVID-19 nosocomial K. pneumoniae, A. baumannii, and Elizabethkingia meningoseptica septicemia in a patient of COVID-19

Ong

Wang

Tsai

et al. 2022

Journal of Infection

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

Nosocomial septicemia in COVID-19 nosocomial K. pneumoniae, A. baumannii, and Elizabethkingia meningoseptica septicemia in a patient of COVID-19

Ong

Wang

Tsai

et al. 2022

Journal of Infection

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“…Cytokine storm, marked by increased levels of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α, is an issue for COVID-19 patients, leading to immune hyperactivation, thus harming the host. Once it was verified, therapy with monoclonal antibodies started to be investigated, aiming for the reduction of cytokine activity and, consequently, reduction of inflammation [ 76 ].…”

Section: Cellular Immunitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay: An Adaptable Methodology to Study SARS-CoV-2 Humoral and Cellular Immune Responses

Portilho

Lima

Gaspari

2022

JCM

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The Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay is a versatile technique, which can be used for several applications. It has enormously contributed to the study of infectious diseases. This review highlights how this methodology supported the science conducted in COVID-19 pandemics, allowing scientists to better understand the immune response against SARS-CoV-2. ELISA can be modified to assess the functionality of antibodies, as avidity and neutralization, respectively by the standardization of avidity-ELISA and surrogate-neutralization methods. Cellular immunity can also be studied using this assay. Products secreted by cells, like proteins and cytokines, can be studied by ELISA or its derivative Enzyme-linked immunospot (ELISpot) assay. ELISA and ELISA-based methods aided the area of immunology against infectious diseases and is still relevant, for example, as a promising approach to study the differences between natural and vaccine-induced immune responses against SARS-CoV-2.

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“…The cytokine storm disrupts the immune function and is an important cause of severe illness and death. The production of SARS-CoV-2 symptoms is not clear, but it is closely related to specific cytokines [126,127]. The effective suppression of the cytokine storm should be an efficient way to prevent severe disease and death.…”

Section: Immunomodulatory Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of Potential Therapeutic Strategies for COVID-19

Meng

Zhang

et al. 2022

Viruses

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Coronavirus disease 2019 is a rather heterogeneous disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The ongoing pandemic is a global threat with increasing death tolls worldwide. SARS-CoV-2 belongs to lineage B β-CoV, a subgroup of Sarbecovirus. These enveloped, large, positive-sense single-stranded RNA viruses are easily spread among individuals, mainly via the respiratory system and droplets. Although the disease has been gradually controlled in many countries, once social restrictions are relaxed the virus may rebound, leading to a more severe and uncontrollable situation again, as occurred in Shanghai, China, in 2022. The current global health threat calls for the urgent development of effective therapeutic options for the treatment and prevention of SARS-CoV-2 infection. This systematic overview of possible SARS-CoV-2 therapeutic strategies from 2019 to 2022 indicates three potential targets: virus entry, virus replication, and the immune system. The information provided in this review will aid the development of more potent and specific antiviral compounds.

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Anti-SARS-CoV-2 and anti-cytokine storm neutralizing antibody therapies against COVID-19: Update, challenges, and perspectives

Abstract: Graphical abstract SARS-CoV-2 infected alveoli and the different types of the two antibody-based treatments discussed in this review. Can antibodies be used to protect against COVID-19 and neutralize autoantibodies?

Cited by 10 publications

References 101 publications

Nosocomial septicemia in COVID-19 nosocomial K. pneumoniae, A. baumannii, and Elizabethkingia meningoseptica septicemia in a patient of COVID-19

Nosocomial septicemia in COVID-19 nosocomial K. pneumoniae, A. baumannii, and Elizabethkingia meningoseptica septicemia in a patient of COVID-19

Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay: An Adaptable Methodology to Study SARS-CoV-2 Humoral and Cellular Immune Responses

A Review of Potential Therapeutic Strategies for COVID-19

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