Adjuvants are important components of vaccines, increasing immunogenicity and modulating the immune response. SARS-CoV-2 vaccines are still being developed in order to improve worldwide access to immunization. Specific populations should be addressed in these investigations, such as pregnant women – to protect both mothers and neonates. In this study, female adult mice were immunized with Receptor-binding domain (RBD) from SARS-CoV-2 adjuvanted by a mixture of DDA and Saponin and put to mating to verify the maternal transference of IgG. For comparison, other group received RBD adjuvanted by OMVs from Neisseria meningitidis and Alum. The adjuvants enhanced IgG production and neutralization. DDA/Sap contributed to increase IgG1, IgG2a, IgG2b and IgG3 isotypes. Total IgG avidity was considered high, as well as IgG1, IgG2a and IgG2b avidity. IgG antibodies were effectively transferred to the offspring, predominantly IgG2a, IgG2b and IgG3. The passive transferred immunoglobulin maintained the neutralizing ability, although it lost avidity. ELISA data was confirmed in Dot-ELISA and Immunoblotting assays. DDA and Saponin seem a promising adjuvant mixture to enhance the humoral response of SARS-CoV-2 antigens. Further studies considering the effects of maternal immunization in the protection of offspring are needed, regardless the platform used in COVID-19 vaccines.
ObjectivesThis study aimed to evaluate the echo texture of the parotid salivary glands before and after radioiodine therapy (RIT) using ultrasound (US) images in patients with differentiated thyroid cancer and to evaluate the correlations between post‐RIT whole‐body scintigraphy (WBS) images and US image patterns in salivary and cervical areas.MethodsA retrospective study was performed with data on demographic and clinical information, US examinations, and WBS images collected through medical recordings.ResultsComparing the US features before and after RIT, significant echo texture heterogeneity was found in 31.3% of all patients evaluated. When evaluated according to the level of iodine 131 (I‐131) radioactivity (<5.6, 5.6–<9.3, and ≥9.3 GBq), echo texture heterogeneity was significantly associated with the 5.6‐GBq I‐131 radioactivity group (P < .001). No association was found for any level of I‐131 post‐RIT WBS uptake intensity and changes in US feature patterns.ConclusionsUltrasound may be a useful tool for evaluating chronic sialadenitis after RIT, and the I‐131 uptake intensity using a routine post‐RIT WBS is not associated with US echo texture changes.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.