“…The properties of BS and the photovoltaic parameters of BS-based solar cells mainly depend on the geometric parameters (height, base diameter, periodicity) of the needles and the surface passivation quality. [8,11,15,24,28] Here, based on the results of our early research, [7,17,21,36,37,48] samples with optimized properties (low reflectivity and high lifetime) were prepared for each BS-specific fabrication technique. The starting substrates were p-type (boron-doped) double-side polished Cz-Si wafers with a resistivity of 3.0 Ω cm and an orientation of (100).…”