Anti-Proliferative, Analgesic and Anti-Inflammatory Properties of Syzygium mundagam Bark Methanol Extract

Abstract

Cancer, pain and inflammation have long been a cause for concern amongst patients, clinicians and research scientists. There is an alarming increase in the demand for medicines suppressing these disease conditions. The present study investigates the role of Syzygium mundagam bark methanol (SMBM) extract against MCF-7 breast cancer cells, pain and inflammation. The MCF-7 cells treated with SMBM were analyzed for adenosine triphosphate (ATP), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels, changes in cell morphology and nuclear damage. Hot plate, acetic acid and formalin-induced pain models were followed to determine the analgesic activity. Anti-inflammatory activity was studied using carrageenan, egg albumin and cotton pellet induced rat models. Microscopic images of cells in SMBM treated groups showed prominent cell shrinkage and nuclear damage. Hoechst stain results supported the cell death morphology. The decline in ATP (47.96%) and increased LDH (40.96%) content indicated SMBM induced toxicity in MCF-7 cells. In the in vivo study, a higher dose (200 mg/kg) of the extract was found to be effective in reducing pain and inflammation. The results are promising and the action of the extract on MCF-7 cells, pain and inflammation models indicate the potential of drugs of natural origin to improve current therapies.

Traditional uses, pharmacological activities, and phytochemical constituents of the genus Syzygium: A review

“…S. malaccense leaf extract exhibited anti‐inflammatory activity through inhibiting COX‐1 catalyzed prostaglandin biosynthesis (Dunstan et al., 1997 ). S. mundagam methanol bark extract exhibited anti‐inflammatory and analgesic activities by reducing inflammation and pain, respectively (Chandran et al., 2020 ). S. samarangense fruit extract exhibited anti‐inflammatory activity through preventing the intracellular inflammatory signal, reestablishing the PI3K‐Akt/PKB insulin signaling pathway and also increasing glucose uptake in TNF‐α treated FL83B mouse (Shen et al., 2012 ).…”

“…Methanol extract of S. malaccense fruit exhibited anticancer activity against MCF‐7 and MDA‐MB‐231 (Itam & Anna, 2020 ). S. mundagam methanol bark extract exhibited anticancer activity inducing toxicity in MCF7 breast cancer cells (Chandran et al., 2020 ). S. polyanthum hydro‐methanol leaf extract exhibited anticancer activity against 4T1 and MCF‐7 mammary carcinoma cells (Nordin et al., 2019 ).…”

Anticancer of genus Syzygium: a systematic review

“…This morphology of cell death was confirmed by Hoechst staining. Reduced ATP levels (47.96%) and elevated LDH levels (40.96%) in MCF-7 cells were indicative of SMBM-induced toxicity [ 94 ]. Shape loss, condensed nuclei, distributed nuclear granules, and shattered nuclei may have all contributed to the extract’s potency.…”

“…Shape loss, condensed nuclei, distributed nuclear granules, and shattered nuclei may have all contributed to the extract’s potency. Apoptosis may explain the extract’s observed nuclear damage [ 94 ]. There is an undeniable demand for less harmful and invasive treatment options for many cancer types.…”

Chemical Characterization and Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Phytoconstituents from Swertia alata

“…Table 5 expressed that ulcerogenic activity of compounds SA-1 and SA-4 (6-24 mg/kg) is also comparable to high dose indomethacin (21 mg/kg). Several anti-inflammatory and antioxidants studies wherein indomethacin have been used as a standard to compare the anti-inflammatory activity of phytoisolates [38][39][40]. The present study was designed based on the standard studies, where a similar experimental design was used [41][42][43][44].…”