Anti-PGL-I seroepidemiology in leprosy cases: household contacts and school children from a hyperendemic municipality of the Brazilian Amazon

Barreto, Josafá Gonc ̨alves; Guimarães, Layana de Souza; Leão, Márcia Regina Neves; Ferreira, Denis Vieira Gomes; Lima, Rosanna Alves De Araújo; Salgado, Cláudio Guedes

doi:10.47276/lr.82.4.358

Cited by 42 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…These individuals were visited at their homes by a team of health care professionals with experience in treating leprosy patients. Their household contacts were clinically assessed for signs and symptoms of leprosy, and a sample of peripheral blood from each person was collected to identify the prevalence of IgM antibodies against PGL-I [15] .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Clinical, epidemiological and serological data from the evaluated household contacts and school children were obtained. The subjects were clinically assessed by an experienced leprologist to detect new cases, and their antibody titers of IgM anti-PGL-I were determined by ELISA as described previously [15] . We established an ELISA optical density of 0.295 as the cutoff for being considered seropositive.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Indeed, it was estimated that there may be as many as 80,000 undiagnosed leprosy cases among Pará students [14] . Moreover, it was demonstrated that 2.6% of the household contacts of those people affected by leprosy during the last 5 years in Pará also have leprosy and that 39% of them have a subclinical infection of M. leprae [15] . Individuals who have a positive antibody titer to PGL-I have an estimated 8.6-fold higher risk of developing leprosy than those who are seronegative [16] .This scenario of a high hidden prevalence and of subclinical infection urges new studies and innovative interventional approaches.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In a previous cross-sectional study performed in June 2010 [15] , we described the prevalence of undiagnosed leprosy and of subclinical infection with M. leprae among household contacts and school children in the municipality of Castanhal, located in the Brazilian Amazon region. In the present study, we applied spatial analysis techniques to identify the distribution of leprosy in this hyperendemic municipality.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Spatial Analysis Spotlighting Early Childhood Leprosy Transmission in a Hyperendemic Municipality of the Brazilian Amazon Region

Barreto

Bisanzio

Guimarães³

et al. 2014

PLoS Negl Trop Dis

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BackgroundMore than 200,000 new cases of leprosy were reported by 105 countries in 2011. The disease is a public health problem in Brazil, particularly within high-burden pockets in the Amazon region where leprosy is hyperendemic among children.MethodologyWe applied geographic information systems and spatial analysis to determine the spatio-temporal pattern of leprosy cases in a hyperendemic municipality of the Brazilian Amazon region (Castanhal). Moreover, we performed active surveillance to collect clinical, epidemiological and serological data of the household contacts of people affected by leprosy and school children in the general population. The occurrence of subclinical infection and overt disease among the evaluated individuals was correlated with the spatio-temporal pattern of leprosy.Principal FindingsThe pattern of leprosy cases showed significant spatio-temporal heterogeneity (p<0.01). Considering 499 mapped cases, we found spatial clusters of high and low detection rates and spatial autocorrelation of individual cases at fine spatio-temporal scales. The relative risk of contracting leprosy in one specific cluster with a high detection rate is almost four times the risk in the areas of low detection rate (RR = 3.86; 95% CI = 2.26–6.59; p<0.0001). Eight new cases were detected among 302 evaluated household contacts: two living in areas of clusters of high detection rate and six in hyperendemic census tracts. Of 188 examined students, 134 (71.3%) lived in hyperendemic areas, 120 (63.8%) were dwelling less than 100 meters of at least one reported leprosy case, 125 (66.5%) showed immunological evidence (positive anti-PGL-I IgM titer) of subclinical infection, and 9 (4.8%) were diagnosed with leprosy (8 within 200 meters of a case living in the same area).Conclusions/SignificanceSpatial analysis provided a better understanding of the high rate of early childhood leprosy transmission in this region. These findings can be applied to guide leprosy control programs to target intervention to high risk areas.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Spatial Analysis Spotlighting Early Childhood Leprosy Transmission in a Hyperendemic Municipality of the Brazilian Amazon Region

Barreto

Bisanzio

Guimarães³

et al. 2014

PLoS Negl Trop Dis

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“…If any skin lesion with sensory loss was present, the case was classified as indeterminate; when there was only a hypopigmented macule, with no detection of nerve involvement as paucibacillary (PB), any of the clinical forms defined by the Ridley–Jopling classification were defined as such. 11 Slit skin smears for acid-fast bacilli were performed in all children with suspicious skin lesions. 12…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nutritional status and morbidity profile of children with leprosy contact in a rural community

Venkatakrishnan¹,

Thangaraju

Jeganathan³

et al. 2020

Trop Doct

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An observational pilot study was conducted to assess the nutritional status and morbidity profile of childhood contacts of leprosy in an endemic area (Chengalpattu) in India. A total of 70 such children were included in the study. Sociodemographic data were collected using a one-to-one interview method and the children were evaluated by dermatologists qualified in paediatric leprosy. The obtained data were computed. Three children were diagnosed to have leprosy through this study. Nutritional status assessment in these children demonstrated malnutrition, a common finding. Regular contact screening of children in endemic areas for early case detection, disability prevention and thereby prevention of community transmission is mandatory. Further research is needed concerning the role of malnutrition in children and its relation to morbidity in leprosy. The closeness and duration of contact of leprosy is also an important risk factor. Effective strategies to diagnose subclinical infection are needed.

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Serum anti‐phenolic glycolipid—1 IgA correlates to IgM isotype in leprosy patients: a possible candidate for seroepidemiological surveys?

Macedo

Guimarães

Rodrigues

et al. 2017

Clinical Laboratory Analysis

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Anti-PGL-I seroepidemiology in leprosy cases: household contacts and school children from a hyperendemic municipality of the Brazilian Amazon

Cited by 42 publications

References 20 publications

Spatial Analysis Spotlighting Early Childhood Leprosy Transmission in a Hyperendemic Municipality of the Brazilian Amazon Region

Spatial Analysis Spotlighting Early Childhood Leprosy Transmission in a Hyperendemic Municipality of the Brazilian Amazon Region

Nutritional status and morbidity profile of children with leprosy contact in a rural community

Serum anti‐phenolic glycolipid—1 IgA correlates to IgM isotype in leprosy patients: a possible candidate for seroepidemiological surveys?

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