“…1). In addition, six known compounds ( 3 – 8 ) were isolated and determined, on the basis of comparison of their NMR spectra and MS data with those reported in the literature, as methyl- O -(3′ -O -galloyl)- α - d ( 3 ) [8], 3- O -galloyl- d -glucose ( 4 ) [9], β - d -glucogallin ( 5 ) [10], helioscopinin B ( 6 ) [11], methyl gallate ( 7 ) [12], and rubusin A ( 8 ) [13] (Fig. 1), respectively.Fig.…”
Section: Results Discussion and Conclusionmentioning
Phytochemical studies on MeOH extract of stems of Euphorbia griffithii led to the isolation of one new hydrolyzable tannin dimer, corilagiffithiin (1) and one new galloyl-glucoside (2), alongside six known ones (3–8). Their structures and absolute configurations were determined by in depth spectroscopic analyses and comparison of their 1D NMR and MS data with literature reported values. Configurations of sugar moieties were determined by acidic hydrolysis and subsequent GC analysis of their corresponding trimethylsilylated l-cysteine adduct. At a concentration of 50 μM, compounds 1–3 showed no anti-inflammatory activities.Graphic Abstract
Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (10.1007/s13659-019-00223-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
“…1). In addition, six known compounds ( 3 – 8 ) were isolated and determined, on the basis of comparison of their NMR spectra and MS data with those reported in the literature, as methyl- O -(3′ -O -galloyl)- α - d ( 3 ) [8], 3- O -galloyl- d -glucose ( 4 ) [9], β - d -glucogallin ( 5 ) [10], helioscopinin B ( 6 ) [11], methyl gallate ( 7 ) [12], and rubusin A ( 8 ) [13] (Fig. 1), respectively.Fig.…”
Section: Results Discussion and Conclusionmentioning
Phytochemical studies on MeOH extract of stems of Euphorbia griffithii led to the isolation of one new hydrolyzable tannin dimer, corilagiffithiin (1) and one new galloyl-glucoside (2), alongside six known ones (3–8). Their structures and absolute configurations were determined by in depth spectroscopic analyses and comparison of their 1D NMR and MS data with literature reported values. Configurations of sugar moieties were determined by acidic hydrolysis and subsequent GC analysis of their corresponding trimethylsilylated l-cysteine adduct. At a concentration of 50 μM, compounds 1–3 showed no anti-inflammatory activities.Graphic Abstract
Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (10.1007/s13659-019-00223-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
“…Purslane was tested on primary human osteoblasts [ 14 ], and the adlay extract was tested on primary rat osteoblasts isolated from the calvaria of fetal rats (18 days old) via an extracellular signal regulated kinase (ERK) pathway [ 37 ]. The promoting effects on osteoblast differentiation could be seen in the related results [ 14 , 29 , 37 ].…”
Section: In Vitro
Studiesmentioning
confidence: 89%
“…Comparison of seven compounds from R. chingii was carried out on primary rat osteoblasts [ 29 ]. Purslane was tested on primary human osteoblasts [ 14 ], and the adlay extract was tested on primary rat osteoblasts isolated from the calvaria of fetal rats (18 days old) via an extracellular signal regulated kinase (ERK) pathway [ 37 ].…”
Dietary nutraceutical compounds have been evidenced as backbone for bone health in recent years. It is reported that medicine food homology (MFH) plants have multiple nutraceutical compounds. Based on our literature research, 20 MFH plants caught our attention because they contain three popular antiosteoporosis compounds simultaneously: quercetin, rutin, and kaempferol. According to traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), their characteristics including natures, flavors, attributive to meridian tropism, and efficacies were listed. The relationships between TCM efficacies, such as “heat clearing,” “tonic,” and “the interior warming,” and antiosteoporosis pharmacological actions such as antioxidant and immune regulation were discussed. The in vivo antiosteoporosis effects of the 20 MFH plants were summarized. The in vitro antiosteoporosis activities and related mechanisms of the 20 plants and quercetin, rutin, kaempferol were detailed. The TGF-β-Smad signaling, fibroblast growth factor, and Wnt/β-catenin signaling on bone formation and the RANKL signaling, NF-κB signaling, and macrophage-colony-stimulating factor on bone resorption were identified. From food point, these 20 MFH plants could be classified as condiment, vegetable, fruit, tea and related products, beverage, etc. Based on the above discussion, these 20 MFH plants could be used as daily food supplements for the prevention and treatment against osteoporosis.
“…The evidence regarding direct effects of β-sitosterol on osteoblasts are limited. It has been documented that β-sitosterol extracted from Rubus chingii did not activate ALP activity [33]. Besides, β-sitosterol, at as low of a concentration as 16 μM, potentially caused cytotoxicity in breast cancer cells [34] and a leukemic cell line [35].…”
Background: Cissus quadrangularis Linn. (CQ) has been used in Indian and Thai traditional medicine for healing bone fractures because of numerous active ingredients in CQ. It is still unclear which compounds are the active ingredients for bone formation. Methods: The molecular docking technique, the ethanolic extraction along with hexane fractionation, and an in vitro experiment with a human osteoblast cell line (MG-63) were used to narrow down the active compounds, to prepare the CQ extract, and to test biological activities, respectively. Results: The molecular docking technique revealed that quercetin and β-sitosterol had highest and lowest potential to bind to estrogen receptors, respectively. Compared to the crude ethanol extract (P1), the ethanolic fraction (P2) was enriched with rutin and quercetin at 65.36 ± 0.75 and 1.06 ± 0.12 mg/g, respectively. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity was significantly enhanced in osteoblasts exposed to the P2 in both tested concentrations. The amount of hydroxyproline was slightly increased in the P1 treatment, while osteocalcin was inhibited. Moreover, the P2 significantly activated osteoprotegerin (OPG) and inhibited receptor activator of nuclear factor κ ligand (RANKL) expression. Conclusions: Taken together, the enriched rutin and quercetin fraction of CQ triggered the molecules involved in bone formation and the molecules inhibiting bone resorption.
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