Anti-obesity effects of herbal extract YY312 in C57BL/6 mice fed a high-fat diet and 3T3-L1 cells

Abstract

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to determine the anti-obesity effect and molecular mechanism of YY312, a herbal extract composed of Imperatae Rhizoma, Citri Unshius Pericarpium Immaturus, and Evodiae Fructus, on a high-fat diet-induced animal model and on 3T3-L1 cells. Methods : C57BL/6 mice were fed for 6 weeks with a normal diet or a high-fat diet (HFD). Then they orally administered daily with 300 mg/kg YY312 for next 10 weeks. Body weight and food consumption were recorded weekly and daily, respectively. Tissue weights, serum lipid, and glucose levels were analyzed at the end of the study. Additionally, the effects of YY312 on adipocyte differentiation in 3T3-L1 cells were examined. After differentiating 3T3-L1 cells were treated with YY312, Oil-red O staining, RT-PCR, and Western blotting were performed for lipid accumulation, mRNA expression of adipogenesis gene, and AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) phosphorylation, respectively. Results : YY312-administered mice showed a significant reduction of body weights and abdominal adipose tissue weights. YY312 also reduced the serum levels of triglycerides and total cholesterol, compared with the HFD group. Treatment with YY312 inhibited lipid accumulation and blocked expression of adipogenic transcription factors and lipogenesis genes, including peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ, CCAT/enhancer binding protein α and fatty acid synthase. YY312 increased AMPK phosphorylation in 3T3-L1 adipocytes.Conclusions : This study showed that herbal extract YY312 has an anti-obesity effect in vitro and in vivo.Thus, YY312 could be developed as a supplement for reduction of body weight gain induced by an HFD.

Effect of a herbal extract powder (YY-312) from Imperata cylindrica Beauvois, Citrus unshiu Markovich, and Evodia officinalis Dode on body fat mass in overweight adults: a 12-week, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group clinical trial

“…This is consistent with results from a previous study investigating the anti-obesity effects of YY-312 in HFD-induced obese mice. Mice that had been given YY-312 with a high fat diet for 10 weeks showed a 10.7% reduction in body weight and a 25.0% reduction in abdominal adipose tissue weight compared to control mice that had been fed only a high fat diet [ 16 ].…”

“…Thus, the daily dose of YY-312 was 2400 mg (containing 1800 mg of active herbal extract and 600 mg of cyclodextrin). The daily dose of YY-312 was calculated from an animal study with C57BL/6 mice [ 16 ] assuming body weight of the overweight to be 75 kg (1800 mg/kg = 300 mg/kg × 0.08 × 75 kg).…”

“…YY-312 is a herbal extract powder from Imperata cylindrical Beauvois, Citrus unshiu Markovich, Evodia officinalis Dode [ 16 ]. These plants have been commonly used as medicinal herbs in Korea, and have been reported to have health promoting effects, including reduction of body fat.…”

“…A previous study showed that YY-312 has an anti-obesity effect in high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obese mice and that it suppresses adipocyte differentiation in 3 T3-L1 cells [ 16 ]. However, it can be ascertained only through human clinical trials whether the individual ingredients in YY-312 have a synergistic effect in the human body, or whether their interactions augment toxicity.…”

The Effect of Oral Administration at Herbal Medicines in Animal Models on Obesity: A Review of Animal Study Reports Published in Korea after 2010

“…Ephedrae Herba 2 22 31) Complex Samhwangsasim-tang (Coptidis Rhizoma, Scutellariae Radix, Rhei Rhizoma) 10 23 32) Complex Cheongshimyeonja-tang (Nelumbinis Semen, Dioscoreae Rhizoma, Asparagi Radix, Liriopis Tuber, Polygalae Radix, Acori Graminei Rhizoma, Zizyphi Spinosae Semen, Longanae Arillus, Biotae Semen, Scutellariae Radix, Raphani Semen, Chrysanthemi Flos) Complex Gambigyeongsinhwan (4) (Curcumae Radix, Japanese alder, Massa Medicata Fermentata) 8 36 45) Complex Imperatae Rhizoma, Citri Reticulatae Viride Pericarpium, Evodiae Fructus 10 37 46) Complex Plantaginis Semen, Hoelen 8 38 47) Complex Euiiin-tang (Glycyrrhizae Radix, Angelicae Gigantis Radix, Paeoniae Radix Alba, Atractylodis Rhizoma Alba, Coicis Semen, Cinnamomi Ramulus, Ephedrae Herba) GGEx: Gyeongshingangjeehwan, SSEx: Sopungsungi-won. Body weight, total fat weight, liver weight, TG, HDL, AST, hepatic lipid accumulation, gene expression 2 11) Body weight, gene expression 3 12) Body weight, food intake, (periepididymal, perirenal) adipose tissue weight, adiponectin, leptin, insulin, TC, TG, HDL 4 13) Body weight, food intake, fooe efficiency, liver weight, abdominal fat weight, white adipose tissue weight, TC, TG, HDL, LDL, GOT, GPT, leptin, adiponectin, hepatic content (total lipid, TG), gene expression 5 14) Body weight, liver weight, adipose tissue weight, AST, ALT, TC, TG, AI, HDL, LDL, adiponectin, cell number of adipose tissue 6 15) Body weight, food intake, liver weight, glucose, insulin, TC, HDL, GOT, GPT, size of epididymal adipocyte 7 16) Glucose, OGTT, ATM, gene expression 8 17) Body weight, food intake, food efficiency, adipose tissue weights, adipose tissue size, gene expression 9 18) Body weight, weights of liver and adipose tissue 10 19) Body weight, adipose tissue weights, FER, leptin, TG, glucose, insulin, hepatic lipid accumulation, number and size of (inguinal, epididymal) adipocytes 11 20) Body weight, HDL, LDL 12 21) Body weight, liver and abdominal fat weight, total cholesterol, TG, HDL, LDL, glucose, GOT, GPT 13 22) Body weight, glucose, total cholesterol, LDL 14 23) Body weight, food efficiency, white adipose tissue and liver weight, TG, total cholesterol, LDL, leptin, adiponectin, fat volume, hepatic lipid accumulation, hepatic content (total lipid, TG, total cholesterol), gene expression 15 24) Body weight, food intake, epididymal adipose tissue weight, AST, ALT, TG, total cholesterol, LDL, HDL, leptin, liver tissue 16 25) Free fatty acid, TG, total cholesterol, LDL, HDL, TBARS, IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, IL-10, NO, liver content (total cholesterol, TG, TBARS, GSH-Px, SOD, CAT), gene expression 17 …”