Anti-obesity and anti-diabetic effects of fucoxanthin on diet-induced obesity conditions in a murine model

Abstract

Abstract. Fucoxanthin, a characteristic carotenoid of brown algae, has been reported to exert an anti-diabetic effect in an obese murine model. Wakame (Undaria pinnatifida), an edible seaweed, is rich in fucoxanthin. This study examined the anti-obesity and anti-diabetic effects of fucoxanthin-rich wakame lipids (Wls) on high fat (HF) diet-induced obesity in mice. Mice were fed a high fat control (HF c ) or normal fat control (nF c ) diet for 10 weeks. The HF diet-fed group was administered a HF diet containing Wls for a further 5 weeks. Parameters related to diabetes and obesity conditions were evaluated and compared. The HF-Wl diet, which was rich in fucoxanthin, significantly suppressed body weight and white adipose tissue (WaT) weight gain induced by the HF diet. dietary administration of the HF diet resulted in hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia and hyperleptinemia in the mouse model. These perturbations were completely normalized in the HF-Wl diet-fed group. increased expression of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (McP-1) mrna expression was observed in HF c mice, but was normalized in the HF-Wl groups. Moreover, the HF-Wl diet promoted mrna expression of β3-adrenergic receptor (adrb3) in WaT and glucose transporter 4 (gluT4) mrna in skeletal muscle tissues. These results suggest that dietary Wls may ameliorate alterations in lipid metabolism and insulin resistance induced by a HF diet. There is therefore a biochemical and nutritional basis for the application of fucoxanthin-rich Wls as a functional food to prevent obesity and diabetes-related disorders. IntroductionThe modern-day tendency to consume nutritionally rich diets coupled with irrational dietary habits create physiological disorders. These lead to the accumulation of visceral fat, and finally result in obesity and related disorders, such as diabetes mellitus, hypertension, dyslipidemia and cardiovascular disease (1,2). long-term consumption of a high fat (HF) diet accelerates the development of obesity (3); hence, strategies to prevent obesity are of great importance. Fucoxanthin is a characteristic carotenoid of brown algae including edible species such as Undaria pinnatifida and Hijikia fusiformis. We recently reported the suppression of the development of white adipose tissue (WaT) by fucoxanthin in obese/diabetic kk-A y mice (4,5). expression of uncoupling protein 1 (ucP1), which plays an important role in energy expenditure, was induced by dietary fucoxanthin in WaT but not in brown adipose tissue; this ucP1 expression was responsible for the antiobesity effect of fucoxanthin. Furthermore, dietary fucoxanthin regulated adipocytokine secretion, thus preventing hyperglycemia in a type 2 diabetes kk-A y mouse model (5). The adipocyte as an endocrine cell has recently been recognized for its role in the secretion of biologically active mediators, termed adipokines/chemokines, including leptin, adiponectin, resistin, tumor necrosis factor-α (TnF-α) and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (McP-1) (6-8). Some adipokines are reported to alter insulin...

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