Anti-Müllerian hormone and its role in ovarian function

Gruijters, Maria J. G.; Visser, Jenny A.; Durlinger, Alexandra L. L.; Themmen, Axel P. N.

doi:10.1016/j.mce.2003.09.024

Cited by 215 publications

(151 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Expression of AMH increases as the follicle develops through the preantral and small antral stages in humans (Weenen et al 2004). Similar patterns occur in non-human primates (Modi et al 2006), mice (Gruijters et al 2003), rats (Ueno et al 1989, Hirobe et al 1994, Baarends et al 1995, Siberian hamsters (Shahed & Young 2013), cows (Monniaux et al 2012), goats (Monniaux et al 2012, Rocha et al 2016, sheep (Bezard et al 1987) and brushtail possums (Juengel et al 2002). AMH expression declines as follicles progress through the large antral stage of folliculogenesis, with little AMH being produced in preovulatory follicles (Ueno et al 1989, Weenen et al 2004, Jeppesen et al 2013.…”

Section: Anti-müllerian Hormone Expression In the Ovarymentioning

confidence: 78%

“…In the ovary, AMH is primarily produced in the granulosa cells of developing, nonatretic follicles. Granulosa cells do not express AMH in the primordial stage, but expression becomes evident after follicle activation and transition to the primary stage (Baarends et al 1995, Gruijters et al 2003, Weenen et al 2004. Expression of AMH increases as the follicle develops through the preantral and small antral stages in humans (Weenen et al 2004).…”

Section: Anti-müllerian Hormone Expression In the Ovarymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The primordial follicle pool may collectively produce an extrafollicular signal that is correlated to the size of the ovarian reserve, but a mechanism by which primordial follicles can distinguish between a weak extrafollicular, and strong intrafollicular autocrine signal is not known to exist. In contrast, AMH is produced by developing follicles with little or no expression observed in primordial follicles (Bezard et al 1987, Hirobe et al 1994, Baarends et al 1995, Gruijters et al 2003, Weenen et al 2004, Juengel & McNatty 2005, Monniaux et al 2012, Shahed & Young 2013, Rocha et al 2016. Signals such as AMH can correlate with the size of the developing follicle pool and can also act as a surrogate signal for the size of the primordial follicle pool, as these variables are highly correlated (Hansen et al 2011).…”

Section: :1mentioning

confidence: 99%

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A putative role for anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) in optimising ovarian reserve expenditure

Pankhurst

2017

Journal of Endocrinology

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The mammalian ovary has a finite supply of oocytes, which are contained within primordial follicles where they are arrested in a dormant state. The number of primordial follicles in the ovary at puberty is highly variable between females of the same species. Females that enter puberty with a small ovarian reserve are at risk of a shorter reproductive lifespan, as their ovarian reserve is expected to be depleted faster. One of the roles of anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) is to inhibit primordial follicle activation, which slows the rate at which the ovarian reserve is depleted. A simple interpretation is that the function of AMH is to conserve ovarian reserve. However, the females with the lowest ovarian reserve and the greatest risk of early reserve depletion have the lowest levels of AMH. In contrast, AMH apparently strongly inhibits primordial follicle activation in females with ample ovarian reserve, for reasons that remain unexplained. The rate of primordial follicle activation determines the size of the developing follicle pool, which in turn, determines how many oocytes are available to be selected for ovulation. This review discusses the evidence that AMH regulates the size of the developing follicle pool by altering the rate of primordial follicle activation in a context-dependent manner. The expression patterns of AMH across life are also consistent with changing requirements for primordial follicle activation in the ageing ovary. A potential role of AMH in the fertility of ageing females is proposed herein.

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Section: Anti-müllerian Hormone Expression In the Ovarymentioning

confidence: 78%

Section: Anti-müllerian Hormone Expression In the Ovarymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: :1mentioning

confidence: 99%

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A putative role for anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) in optimising ovarian reserve expenditure

Pankhurst

2017

Journal of Endocrinology

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“…AMH is mainly secreted by the granulosa cells of the pre-antral and antral follicles [93,94] and its declining levels with age might be related to the diminishing number of antral follicles and reduced ovarian reserve [92,[95][96][97].…”

Section: Menopausementioning

confidence: 99%

Reproductive ageing in women

Djahanbakhch

Ezzati

Zosmer

2007

The Journal of Pathology

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The traditional view in respect to female reproduction is that the number of oocytes at birth is fixed and continuously declines towards the point when no more oocytes are available after menopause. In this review we briefly discuss the embryonic development of female germ cells and ovarian follicles. The ontogeny of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis is then discussed, with a focus on pubertal transition and normal ovulatory menstrual cycles during female adult life. Biochemical markers of menopausal transition are briefly examined. We also examine the effects of age on female fertility, the contribution of chromosomal abnormalities of the oocyte to the observed decline in female fertility with age and the possible biological basis for the occurrence of such abnormalities. Finally, we consider the effects of maternal age on obstetric complications and perinatal outcome. New data that have the potential to revolutionize our understanding of mammalian oogenesis and follicular formation, and of the female reproductive ageing process, are also briefly considered.

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“…A newer marker for predicting ovarian reserve is anti-Müllerian hormone, or AMH, which has been in the literature since the early 2000s (Gruijters et al, 2003). Serum AMH levels are constant throughout the menstrual cycle, unlike FSH or E2, and are not affected by other hormone levels.…”

Section: The Significance Of Human Agingmentioning

confidence: 99%