Anti-microbial efficacy of Allium sativum extract against Enterococcus faecalis biofilm and its penetration into the root dentin: An in vitro study

Birring, Ourvind Jeet Singh; Viloria, Iluminada L.; Nunez, Phides

doi:10.4103/0970-9290.172041

Cited by 15 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…This accorded with a previous study confirming the weak antibacterial effect of 10% garlic extract against E. faecalis [14]. According to Lee et al, the minimum inhibition rate of garlic extract against the growth of E. faecalis was 12.8%; this accounted for the limited antibacterial efficacy of the 10% garlic extract in reducing the viability of E. faecalis [15]. Our results, in accordance with previous studies, demonstrated that the viability value would decrease with increasing concentrations [14,15].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

“…According to Lee et al, the minimum inhibition rate of garlic extract against the growth of E. faecalis was 12.8%; this accounted for the limited antibacterial efficacy of the 10% garlic extract in reducing the viability of E. faecalis [15]. Our results, in accordance with previous studies, demonstrated that the viability value would decrease with increasing concentrations [14,15]. The antibacterial activity of garlic resided in the allicin compound through the enzymatic activity of alliinase (cysteine sulfoxide lyase) in alliin after crushing or chopping cloves of garlic [1][2][3].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Chavan stated that the therapeutic nature of garlic was destroyed through warming. Allicin was an unstable component formed from the enzymatic action of alliinase and discharged at temperatures above 65°C [15]. Allicin could be more efficiently extracted with ethanol solution than with water, but the levels decreased gradually at room temperature, and the majority of allicin disappeared within a few days, especially in 100% ethanol and water.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Garlic Extract Efficacy Against the Viability of Enterococcus Faecalis (In Vitro)

Octavia

Budiardjo²,

Indiarti³

et al. 2019

Int J App Pharm

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Objective: Enterococcus faecalis, Gram-positive facultative anaerobe capable of invading the dentinal tubules, is resistant to several irrigating solutionsand intracanal medications. Motivated by the antibacterial effect exhibited by garlic extract against a wide variety of Gram-positive and Gram-negativebacteria, as well as anaerobic bacteria such as Lactobacillus and E. faecalis, we aimed in this study to analyze the efficacy of garlic extract against theviability of E. faecalis from clinical isolates of nonvital primary root canals.Methods: We used MTT assay to determine the viability of E. faecalis after exposure to increasing concentrations of garlic extract (10%, 25%, 50%,and 100%) and chlorhexidine (CHX) 2% as a positive control.Results: We performed the analysis using the Kruskal–Wallis test and the post hoc test for multiple comparisons at a 0.05 significance level. At allconcentrations, garlic extracts decreased the viability of E. faecalis. We found no significant differences between the viability values for 25%, 50%,and 100% garlic extracts (p>0.05); however, they were significantly different from the 10% extract and CHX 2% (p<0.05), both with a lower viabilityvalues.Conclusion: Our results showed that garlic extract was effective in decreasing the viability of E. faecalis.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Garlic Extract Efficacy Against the Viability of Enterococcus Faecalis (In Vitro)

Octavia

Budiardjo²,

Indiarti³

et al. 2019

Int J App Pharm

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“…The resistance of bacteria in the biofilm to antimicrobial agents is 1000-1500 times that of the planktonic state (1). The cells present in the biofilm structure undergo phenotypic changes under the influence of physiologic and metabolic factors of the environment over time and create cells with more resistant phenotypes (5,6,9). Studies on the biofilm structure of E. faecalis have shown that after 6 weeks some signs of mineralization and complete maturation are observed in the structure of biofilm and a period of 6 weeks is considered a time interval for the maturation of biofilm (6).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antimicrobial efficacy of different concentration of sodium hypochlorite on the biofilm of Enterococcus faecalis at different stages of development

Froughreyhani¹,

Ghasemi²,

Barhaghi³

et al. 2016

J Clin Exp Dent

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BackgroundPersistent infection of the root canal due to the presence of resistance bacterial species, such as Enterococcus faecalis, has always been one of the most important reasons for endodontic treatment failure. This study investigated the antimicrobial efficacy of 1%, 2.5 % and 5% sodium hypochlorite in eliminating E. faecalis biofilms at different stages of development.Material and MethodsIn this study 4-, 6- and 10-week-old E. faecalis biofilms were subjected to one of the following approaches: phosphate-buffered saline solution (PBS) or 1%, 2.5% and 5% NaOCl. Dentin chip suspensions were used for colony forming unit (CFU) counting to estimate remaining E. faecalis counts. Statistical comparison of the means was carried out with Kruskal-Wallis test, and pair-wise comparisons were made by Mann-Whitney U test, at a significance level of P<0.05.ResultsThe results showed that 2.5% and 5% NaOCl completely eliminated E. faecalis biofilms in three stages of biofilm development, whereas 1% NaOCl resulted in 85.73%, 81.88% and 78.62% decreases in bacterial counts in 4-, 6- and 10-week-old biofilms, respectively, which was significantly more than those with PBS (p<0.05).Conclusions The bacteria in mature and old biofilms were more resistant to 1% NaOCl than were the bacteria in young biofilms. Overall survival rate and residual bacteria increased with biofilm aging. Key words:Antibacterial, biofilm, E. faecalis, sodium hypochlorite.

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“…faecalis . The 70% concentration extract was found to be the most effective and was equivalent to a 5.25% sodium hypochlorite solution, without the high cytotoxicity of hypochlorite, but with similar levels of dentin penetration (Birring, Viloria, & Nunez, ). Fresh garlic extract inhibited C. albicans and MRSA, but showed only weak inhibition of P. aeruginosa .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Activity of preparations from Spilanthes oleracea, propolis, Nigella sativa, and black garlic on different microorganisms involved in oral diseases and on total human salivary bacteria: A pilot study

Vlachojannis

Chrubasik‐Hausmann

Hellwig

et al. 2018

Phytotherapy Research

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Due to continuous rise in antibiotic resistance, there is a need for alternative treatment options to reduce the levels of oral pathogens for the maintenance of oral as well as overall health. The aim of this study was to evaluate the in vitro antibacterial potential of tinctures of Spilanthes oleracea and propolis, Nigella seed oil, and an ethanolic extract of black garlic on microorganisms involved in oral diseases. Both the minimum inhibitory concentration assay and the minimum bactericidal/fungicidal concentration assay were used in this study. Inhibition effects against total human salivary bacteria were also determined. Our results show that all of the preparations tested had potent antimicrobial activities. When measured 10 min after exposure, even low concentrations of the propolis tincture were found to have killed more than 99% of salivary bacteria, whereas Spilanthes tincture and black garlic extract killed more than 90% and Nigella seed oil more than 60% of the pathogens. This suggests that all preparations are promising candidates for the use in oral health care products and that all have the potential to control biofilm associated infections.

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Anti-microbial efficacy of Allium sativum extract against Enterococcus faecalis biofilm and its penetration into the root dentin: An in vitro study

Abstract: The results indicate that GE has a potential to serve as an alternative herbal root canal irrigant being an effective and biocompatible anti-microbial agent with good dentinal penetration property.

Cited by 15 publications

References 18 publications

Garlic Extract Efficacy Against the Viability of Enterococcus Faecalis (In Vitro)

Garlic Extract Efficacy Against the Viability of Enterococcus Faecalis (In Vitro)

Antimicrobial efficacy of different concentration of sodium hypochlorite on the biofilm of Enterococcus faecalis at different stages of development

Activity of preparations from Spilanthes oleracea, propolis, Nigella sativa, and black garlic on different microorganisms involved in oral diseases and on total human salivary bacteria: A pilot study

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