Antimicrobial efficacy of different concentration of sodium hypochlorite on the biofilm of Enterococcus faecalis at different stages of development

Abstract

BackgroundPersistent infection of the root canal due to the presence of resistance bacterial species, such as Enterococcus faecalis, has always been one of the most important reasons for endodontic treatment failure. This study investigated the antimicrobial efficacy of 1%, 2.5 % and 5% sodium hypochlorite in eliminating E. faecalis biofilms at different stages of development.Material and MethodsIn this study 4-, 6- and 10-week-old E. faecalis biofilms were subjected to one of the following approaches: phosphate-buffered saline solution (PBS) or 1%, 2.5% and 5% NaOCl. Dentin chip suspensions were used for colony forming unit (CFU) counting to estimate remaining E. faecalis counts. Statistical comparison of the means was carried out with Kruskal-Wallis test, and pair-wise comparisons were made by Mann-Whitney U test, at a significance level of P<0.05.ResultsThe results showed that 2.5% and 5% NaOCl completely eliminated E. faecalis biofilms in three stages of biofilm development, whereas 1% NaOCl resulted in 85.73%, 81.88% and 78.62% decreases in bacterial counts in 4-, 6- and 10-week-old biofilms, respectively, which was significantly more than those with PBS (p<0.05).Conclusions The bacteria in mature and old biofilms were more resistant to 1% NaOCl than were the bacteria in young biofilms. Overall survival rate and residual bacteria increased with biofilm aging. Key words:Antibacterial, biofilm, E. faecalis, sodium hypochlorite.

Persistent Endodontics Pathogens Biofilm Inhibited by Lactobacillus reuteri Indonesian Strain Lactobacillus reuteri Indonesian

“…Causes can include oral cavity bacterial pathogens such as Enterococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus aureus, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Streptococcus spp., Eubacterium, and Candida albicans .2,3 Enterococcus faecalis is an oral microbe most commonly found in infected root canals. 4,5 E. faecalis has a virulence factor, survival mechanism, and resistance that allow it to adapt to extreme environmental conditions, such acidic, alkaline, hypotonic, or hypertonic environments, over long periods. It is capable of surviving at low nutrient conditions and at temperatures ranging from 10 to 45°C.…”

“…However, E. faecalis and C. albicans may sometimes show resistance to this material, leading to the recurrence of infected root canals. 5,14 Probiotics are effective at enhancing oral health. 15 One of the common commercial probiotics that has shown advantages in oral health is Lactobacillus reuteri, 16 a Gram-positive bacterium that can produce the glycerol dehydratase enzyme to convert glycerol into reuterin in the presence of glycerols.…”

Factors affecting the periapical healing process of endodontically treated teeth

“…Frough-Reyhani, et al 26 (2016) evaluated the antimicrobial activity of 1%, 2.5%, and 5% NaOCl solution in the treatment of Enterococcus faecalis biofilms at different stages of development and showed that 2.5% and 5% NaOCl completely eliminated the biofilms in three stages of development, whereas the bacteria in mature and old biofilms were more resistant to 1% NaOCl. In an in vitro study, Siqueira, et al 95 (2000) found no difference in the efficacy of the antibacterial activity of 1%, 2.5%, and 5% NaOCl solution.…”

Actividad antibacteriana in vitro del propilenglicol ozonizado (Endozone®) sobre Enterococcus faecalis en conductos radiculares de dientes de bovino

“…El propilenglicol ozonizado podría ser usado como agente antimicrobiano en los fracasos de tratamiento de conductos ocasionados por la subsistencia de microorganismos patógenos, siendo el Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis) el que predomina, además de presentar una alta resistencia bacteriana 11 . Parí evaluó in vitro la actividad antimicrobiana del propilenglicol ozonizado aplicado en conductos radiculares de dientes contaminados con E. faecalis, donde utilizó 40 dientes humanos uniradiculares, después de ser preparados, fueron contaminados con E. faecalis, luego se aplicó 0,5 µL de propilengli-col ozonizado, realizando un control bacteriológico por presencia de colonias de esta bacteria.…”