Anti-inflammatory effects of the combined extracts of Achyranthes japonica nakai and Aralia continentalis kitagawa in vitro and in vivo

Abstract

This study investigated the anti-inflammatory effects of mixed extracts of Achyranthes japonica Nakai (AJ) and Aralia continentalis Kitagawa (AC) (ratios of 1:2, 1:3, 1:5, 2:1, 3:1 and 5:1) on RAW264.7 macrophages and evaluated the anti-inflammatory effects of the mixed extracts of AJ and AC by measuring IL-1 β , IL-6, and TNF α using the ELISA kit assay. In particular, the formation of nitric oxide (NO) was found to decrease in the group treated with the combined extracts of AJ and AC at all ratios. In particular, extracts of ratio of 2:1 (AJ:AC) deceased the formation of NO level that is approximately 60% of the group treated with only lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Also, extracts of ratio of 2:1 (AJ:AC) reduced the production of IL-1 β , IL-6, TNF α and PGE2 with statistical significance. Volunteers over the age of 50 who complain of discomfort in knee joints were selected as the experimental subjects. The subjects took daily administration of 2000 mg of the combined extracts of ratio of 2:1 (AJ:AC) for 12 weeks. A survey (VAS (Visual Analog Scale), WOMAC (Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index)) was conducted after the 12 weeks of oral administration. The experimental group showed the change between each visit and baseline time compared with the control group. In the intention-to-treat (ITT) analysis, VAS score and WOMAC stiffness score decreased significantly. And the WOMAC total score and function score tended to decrease. In the per-protocol (PP) analysis, the WOMAC stiffness score was significantly decreased and the VAS and WOMAC total and function scores were decreased. There was no significant difference in all parameters of ITT and PP in radiological examinations.

The Effect of a Combination of Eucommia ulmoides and Achyranthes japonica on Alleviation of Testosterone Deficiency in Aged Rat Models

“…E. ulmoides improves diabetes related to hypogonadism and inhibits the growth of osteoclasts in senescence-accelerated mouse P6 [8,9]. Various outcomes, such as in vitro and in vivo anti-inflammatory effects and improvement in bone-related functions in ovariectomized mice, have been reported [10,11]. In a previous experiment, we confirmed in vitro that the E. ulmoides and A. japonica complex increased steroidogenic enzymes that catalyze T synthesis and T levels in TM3 Leydig cells.…”

Aralia armata (Wall.) Seem Improves Intimal Hyperplasia after Vascular Injury by Downregulating the Wnt3α/Dvl-1/β-Catenin Pathway

“…The proliferation, migration, and cell-extracellular matrix (ECM) adhesion of VSMCs are related to intimal hyperplasia of some vascular lesions, including restenosis and atherosclerosis [45,46]. Therefore, regulating the growth of VSMCs is of critical therapeutic significance [23].…”

“…Some scholars found that the chemical composition of this plant is rich in saponins [21]. Relevant studies have also confirmed that the saponins from the plants in the same genus have antiinflammatory [22,23], anticancer [24][25][26], antiatherosclerosis [27][28][29][30], and antidiabetes [31,32] effects. However, so far, no study has reported on the effect of AAS (root bark) on intimal hyperplasia after a vascular injury.…”

Anti-Osteoporosis Effects of the Eleutherococcus senticosus, Achyranthes japonica, and Atractylodes japonica Mixed Extract Fermented with Nuruk

“…AJN is traditional medicine in Korea, Japan, and China, used as a remedy for pain control and improvement of functional disorders in patients with osteoarthritis [13]. AJN is a herbal medicine traditionally used for the treatment of obesity and related complications [14], reported to have anti-inflammatory [15], anti-arthritic [16], and antioxidant properties [17] and. AJK also exhibits a wide variety of bioactive properties, including anti-inflammatory [18], antioxidant [19], and anti-obesity activities [20].…”