Anti-Osteoporosis Effects of the Eleutherococcus senticosus, Achyranthes japonica, and Atractylodes japonica Mixed Extract Fermented with Nuruk

Abstract

Vigeo is a mixture of fermented extracts of Eleutherococcus senticosus Maxim (ESM), Achyranthes japonica (Miq.) Nakai (AJN), and Atractylodes japonica Koidzumi (AJK) manufactured using the traditional Korean nuruk fermentation method. Although the bioactive effects of ESM, AJN, and AJK have already been reported, the pharmacological effects of Vigeo have not been proven. Therefore, in this study, we investigated whether Vigeo had inhivitory effects on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammatory bone loss in vivo and receptor activator of nuclear factor-B ligand (RANKL)-induced osteoclastogenesis and the related mechanism in vitro. Vigeo administration conferred effective protection against bone loss induced by excessive inflammatory response and activity of osteoclasts in LPS-induced inflammatory osteoporosis mouse model. In addition, Vigeo significantly suppressed the formation of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase-positive osteoclasts induced by RANKL and inhibited F-actin formation and bone resorbing activity without any cytotoxicity. Moreover, Vigeo significantly inhibited RANKL-induced phosphorylation of p38, ERK, JNK, IκB, and AKT and degradation of IkB. Additionally, Vigeo strongly inhibited the mRNA and protein expression of c-FOS and NFATc1 and subsequently attenuated the expression of osteoclast specific marker genes induced by RANKL. We demonstrated for the first time the anti-osteoporosis effect of Vigeo, suggesting that it could be a potential therapeutic candidate for the treatment of osteoclast-mediated inflammatory bone diseases.

Inhibition of LPS-induced expression of iNOS and COX-2 on extracts of Acanthopanax leucorrhizus (Oliv.) Harms stems

“…Luo et al (2021b) reported that the anti-inflammatory activities of dichloromethane extract from A. trifoliatus stems by inhibiting LPS-induced expression of iNOS and COX-2 (Luo et al, 2021b). Eun et al (2021) investigated the Antiosteoporosis effects of Eleutherococcus senticosus, Achyranthes japonica, and Atractylodes japonica mixed extract fermented with nuruk and suggested that it could be a potential therapeutic candidate for the treatment of osteoclast-mediated inflammatory bone diseases (Eun et al, 2021). Although numerous pharmacological and biochemical pharmacokinetic studies of plants of Acanthopanax species have previously been conducted.…”

Vigeo attenuates cartilage and bone destruction in a collagen‑induced arthritis mouse model by reducing production of pro‑inflammatory cytokines

“…It also significantly suppresses bone loss in a lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced mouse model of osteoporosis. Furthermore, Vigeo suppresses the levels of the bone resorption marker C-terminal telopeptide-1 in the serum of these mice ( 12 ).…”

Anti-osteoporosis effects and regulatory mechanism of Lindera aggregata based on network pharmacology and experimental validation

“…The anti-osteoporosis effect of Vigeo against LPS-induced inflammatory bone loss has been demonstrated, suggesting that it could be a potential therapeutic candidate for the treatment of osteoclast-mediated inflammatory bone diseases. 13 Recent studies show that Semen cuscutae extract inhibits the apoptosis and promotes proliferation of osteoblasts. 9,14,15 Furthermore, it is indicated that Semen cuscutae exerted a satisfactory anti-osteoporosis therapeutic effect on OVX mice and its efficacious anti-osteoporosis activity is due to its thorough regulation of the c-fos/c-Src kinase/NFATC1 signaling pathway.…”