Anti-inflammatory and cytotoxic activities of the extracts, fractions, and chemical constituents isolated from Luehea ochrophylla Mart

Abstract

BackgroundStem bark of Luehea ochrophylla (L. ochrophylla) is used by the traditional Brazilian medicine for treatment of rheumatic diseases and tumors. This study aimed to investigate inhibition of acute and chronic inflammations and cytotoxic activity of extracts, fractions, and isolated compounds from L. ochrophylla.MethodsHexane (HE) and ethanol (EE) extracts obtained from stem bark of L. ochrophylla were submitted to chromatographic fractionation. In order to test acute inflammation, experimental model of impact injury was used, followed by transdermal application of gels using phonophoresis. Histological analysis was based on scores assigned by the capacity of decreasing the lesion. To evaluate the effect EE and fractions on cell proliferation, human lymphocytes were stimulated with phytohemagglutinin and analyzed using flow cytometry. Proliferation was measured using VPD 450 staining and the calculated proliferative index (PI). The cytotoxic activity was evaluated using MTT colorimetric method against MDA-MB-231, MCF-7, HCT-116, and Vero cells. GraphPad Prism Version 5 was used for statistical analysis.ResultsHE and EE provided friedelin, β-friedelinol, lupeol, mixture of lupeol and pseudotaraxasterol, β-sitosterol, betulinic acid, mixture of lupeol and taraxasterol, (−)-epicatechin, β-sitosterol-3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside, and (+)-epicatechin-(4β-8)-epicatechin. HE, ethyl acetate fraction (AF), betulinic acid, and β-sitosterol promoted regeneration of muscle fibers caused by muscle injury. AF significantly (p < 0.05) reduced the lymphocyte proliferation index (1.36 for cultures stimulated with PHA, 0.7 for untreated cultures and 0.12 for cultures stimulated with PHA and treated with AF 25 μg/mL and AF 50 μg/mL, respectively). β-Sitosterol-3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside exhibited high cytotoxic activity (IC50 = 1.279 μg/mL) against HCT-116 cell line.ConclusionThese results suggest that extracts, fractions, and chemical constituents from L. ochrophylla decreases inflammatory processes generated by muscle injury. The anti-inflammatory activity may be justified by high inhibition of T cell proliferation. These extracts, fractions, and chemical constituents from L. ochrophylla may be useful as a therapeutic agent against rheumatic diseases. Moreover, chemical constituents from L. ochrophylla show potent cytotoxic activity against colon and rectal carcinomas.

Discovery of Anti-Inflammatory Triterpenoid Glucosides from the Heritiera littoralis Dryand

“…It was reported that some triterpenoids isolated from Malvaceae exhibited good anti-inflammatory activity, such as taraxerol (oleanane triterpenoid) and lupeol (lupane triterpenoid) from Grewia flava roots yielded promising IC 50 values of 21.88 ± 0.02 and 14.2 ± 0.01 μg/mL against NO production in RAW264.7 cells respectively [ 36 ]. Betulinic acid (lupane triterpenoid) and taraxasterol (ursane triterpenoid) were isolated from Luehea ochrophylla Mart [ 37 ]. The literature reported that betulinic acid was justified by inhibiting the release of pro-inflammatory mediators, mainly NO, IL-1 β , TNF-α, and reduction of COX-2 levels [ 38 , 39 ].…”

Topical anti-inflammatory effect of Ekor Naga (Rhaphidophora pinnata (L.f) Schott) leaves extract

“…Those cells can regulate the immune system, eliminate infected cells and orchestrate immune response by producing and secreting different kinds of cytokines. Cytokines, such as IL-2, TNF-α, and IFN-γ, are important in the progression of an inflammatory response aiming return to the homeostasis (Araújo et al 2019)…”

Role of the active cycle of breathing technique combined with phonophoresis for the treatment of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD): study protocol for a preliminary randomized controlled trial

“…The application of active cycle of breathing techniques combined with phonophoresis in COPD patients is not well documented. Phonophoresis can markedly enhance the effectiveness of drugs in the acute exacerbation of inflammation and pain and has received increasing attention recently [ 51 – 55 ]. We hope that the outcomes will be optimized by promoting more effective absorption of the drugs and the comprehensive program can play a complementary role in the treatment of COPD patients.…”