Anti inflammatory and antipyretic activities of the methanol leaf extract of <i>Acacia ataxacantha</i> D.C.(Leguminosae) in mice and rats

Abstract

Acacia ataxacantha (Leguminosae) has been reported to be used in traditional medicine for management of pain and inflammation. The present study was designed to evaluate the anti inflammatory and antipyretic activities of methanol leaf extract of Acacia ataxacantha in rats. The acute toxicity study was carried out using Lorke method (1983). The doses (100, 200 and 400 mg/kg body weight of the extract) selected for the study were based on the calculated LD inflammatory activities were investigated using the carragenaan and albumin induced paw edema, while the antipyretic activity was evaluated using yeast induced pyrexia method. the negative control (group 1), the carragenaan induced inf significant (p ≤ 0.05) reduction of inflammation at 200 and 400 mg/kg (3 ≤ 0.05) reduction in oedema was observed at doses of 100, 200 and 400mg/kg (4 there were significant inhibitions (p minutes post extract administration in albumin induced hind from the antipyretic study showed no significant effect. These findings suggest that the may contain bioactive compounds that possess anti ethno-medical use of the plant in the management of painful inflammation.

Review of Ethnopharmacology and phytochemistry of <i>Acacia ataxacantha</i>

“…The extract showed significant anti-inflammatory activity which was demonstrated by swelling of the hindpaw oedema which occurred progressively from time 0 -2 h after carragenaan injection, but at the 3rd hour oedema reduction occurred in a dose dependent manner and was significant only in rats pre-treated with extract at doses 200 and 400 mg/kg body weight. However, at the 4 th hour there was significant difference in the swelling of oedema at 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg when compared with the normal saline, the negative control [27]. Similarly, there was significant inhibition of inflammation at the 20 th , 40 th , 60 th and 120…”

“…Phytochemical screening of bark and root chloroform, dichloromethane, ethanol, ethyl acetate, glycosides, hexane, hydroalcoholic, petroleum ether and methanol extracts of A. ataxacantha showed the presence of anthracene derivatives, alkaloid, carbohydrates, coumarins, flavonoids, lignan, naphtoquinone, polyphenols, reducing sugars, saponins, steroids, tannins, terpenoids and triterpenoids [23][24][25][26][27][28].…”

“…Some major elements such as Ca, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, P, Na and Zn as determined by Daden et al [31] are within the permissible values defined by the FAO/WHO dietary limits. [24,26,29,30], antifungal [24,26,29,30], antidiabetic [23,28], anti-inflammatory [27], antioxidant [25,29,30], laxative [32] and ulceroprotective [20] activities.…”

“…Abbas et al [27] evaluated the anti-inflammatory activities of methanol leaf extracts of A. ataxacantha in rats using the carragenaan and albumin induced paw edema. The extract showed significant anti-inflammatory activity which was demonstrated by swelling of the hindpaw oedema which occurred progressively from time 0 -2 h after carragenaan injection, but at the 3rd hour oedema reduction occurred in a dose dependent manner and was significant only in rats pre-treated with extract at doses 200 and 400 mg/kg body weight.…”

“…The compound 4 demonstrated antioxidant activities with IC 50 value of 3.6 ± 0.1 μg/mL compared to quercetin with IC 50 value of 1.0 ± 0.01 μg/mL [30]. The documented antioxidant activities of the bark extracts of A. ataxacantha are as a result of flavonoids and phenolics which have been isolated from the species [23][24][25][26][27][28].…”