Acute and chronic toxicity profiles of the methanol leaf extract of Acacia ataxacantha D.C (Leguminosae) in Wistar rats

Abbas, Medinat Yakubu; Ejiofor, Janet I.; Yakubu, Musa Itopa

doi:10.1016/j.bfopcu.2018.09.001

Cited by 7 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Even though any herbal medicines may be safe/low toxic in short-term exposure, their repeated or long-term usage may cause adverse effects. This was observed in long-term toxicity study of the leaf extract of Acacia ataxacantha, where the extract (at doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg/day) induced glomerular necrosis in the kidney, kupffer cells hyperplasia with hepatocellular necrosis in the liver and mucosal necrosis in the stomach [22] . Furthermore, various adverse effects (hematological and biochemical toxicity, organ toxicity, and teratogenic) have been reported with different mono and poly-herbal materials [23] , [24] , [25] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 76%

“…However, researches have proven that not all medicinal plants are safe and without of adverse effects. Various adverse effects have been reported with the administration of different herbs including systemic toxic effects of Acacia ataxacantha [22] and Caralluma dalzielii [23] as well as developmental toxic effects of Achyranthes aspera [25] . The adverse effects can result from inherent toxic effect of the active principle or long-term use or overdosing.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Subchronic toxicity study of herbal tea of Moringa stenopetala (Baker f.) Cudof. and Mentha spicata L. leaves formulation in Wistar albino rats

et al. 2022

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 76%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Subchronic toxicity study of herbal tea of Moringa stenopetala (Baker f.) Cudof. and Mentha spicata L. leaves formulation in Wistar albino rats

et al. 2022

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“…2). Reduction in body weight following the administration of any xenobiotic or plant extract is among the common indicators of adverse reaction [14,15]. The observed consistent significant increase in body weights when compared with the untreated diabetic (Positive control) group showed that the NLAT extract is relatively safe.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chronic Toxicological Assessment of Aqueous Extract of a Combination of Nauclea latifolia Root and Acalypha torta Leaf on the Liver, Kidney and Heart of Wistar Rat

Ezekwesili

Ezeigwe

Asomugha

et al. 2023

AJBGMB

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Background: Nauclea latifolia and Acalypha torta are medicinal plants found in Nigeria with scientifically validated anti-diabetic properties. Although these herbal preparations are derived from natural sources, some of them may still possess the potential to cause some adverse reactions on the vital organs of the body. Aim: This study was therefore designed to assess the chronic toxicological effects of orally administered aqueous extract of a combination of N. latifolia root and A. torta leaf on the liver, kidney, and heart of Wistar rats. Materials and Methods: Hot aqueous extraction of the mixture of dried, pulverized samples was carried out for 24 hours at the laboratory temperature. After filtrations, the final filtrate was evaporated to dryness using Rotary Evaporator. Effects of the Nauclea latifolia Acalypha torta extract ( NLAT), on the liver, kidney, and heart were assessed following daily oral administration of the extract in alloxan-induced diabetic rats at the dose of 100.0 mg/kg for six months. Changes in body weight and blood glucose levels were monitored. All the indices of liver, kidney, and heart functions were estimated with the aid of Randox Diagnostic Test Kits following the manufacturer’s methods and a total of eighty-four rats (120-150g) were used. Results: Results showed that the extract, NLAT, had a positive impact on body weight which correlates with the concomitant reduction in the average blood sugar levels. There was no observable significant differences (P>0.05) in the activities of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) when compared with the controls. Total bilirubin (TB), direct bilirubin (DB), creatinine, and urea levels were within the normal ranges. Histopathological evaluations showed no perturbation of the normal architectures of the liver, kidney and heart. Conclusion: The combination at the dose tested was well tolerated by the animals and there was no indication of hepatotoxicity, nephrotoxicity, or cardiotoxicity.

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“…Many toxic chemicals are constituents of plants that form part of the human diet. 2 The many varieties in the plant of the genus Solanaceae. There may be up to around 1,500 species worldwide.…”

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confidence: 99%

Acute and Sub-acute Toxicity Studies of Ethanol and Chloroform Extracts of Solanum giganteum Jacq. Leaves

Shende¹,

Kakadiya²

2022

JYP

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In recent years, there has been an indication of the increasing popularity of complementary and alternative medicine approaches to health in India. Even with rapid growth, there is inadequate evidence about the efficiency and toxicity of alternative medicine. Much more needs to be done to increase the evidence base for herbals, botanicals, and dietary supplements. Since ancient times, plants have been a basic source of drugs, but scientific medicine tends to no attention to the importance of herbal medicine. 1 Approximately any substance can be harmful at a few doses but, at the same time, can be without harmful effects at some lower dose. Between these two limits, there is a variety of possible effects, from delicate long-term chronic toxicity to instant lethality. The large range of toxic chemicals formed by plants (phytotoxins), commonly referred to as secondary plant compounds, is often held to have developed as defence mechanisms against animals, mainly insects and mammals. Many toxic chemicals are constituents of plants that form part of the human diet. 2 The many varieties in the plant of the genus Solanaceae. There may be up to around 1,500 species worldwide. With a few 800 conventional specific and infraspecific taxa of the more than 4,000 described, the genus Solanum contains more species than any other genus in the Solanaceae family and it is one of the majors between the angiosperms. Solanum giganteum (Family: Solanaceae) Much-branched shrub or small tree up to 6 m high. Branchlets with white, woolly hairs and stout, straight prickles up to 5 mm long. Leaves elliptic, margin entire, large, up to 250 x 90 mm, softly textured, dark green, glabrescent. Flowers in many-flowered, branched, dense, terminal corymbs faintly scented; corolla white, mauve to blue or purple, 15 mm in diameter, anthers yellow. Distributed in almost all parts of the world and abundantly found in Tropical Africa, India (Maharashtra; Gujarat; Punjab and Rajasthan). In India, it is widely distributed. Traditionally it is used treat as an antiinflammatory, antibacterial, antifungal, and much more. [3][4][5][6][7][8] Hence, in the existing work, Acute and subacute oral toxicity estimation of ethanol and chloroform extracts of Solanum giganteum Jacq leave. No clinical proof or studies for the oral acute and sub-acute oral toxicity investigation for this plant are available in the literature. Therefore, acute and sub-acute oral toxicity studies were carried out by the OECD guidelines to verify and set up the safety for its use in clinical practice. The purpose of this study was to estimate the safety of Solanum giganteum in animals' models. MATERIALS AND METHODS Plant materialThe plant Solanum giganteum Jacq was collected in November 2020, from the area of Satara Maharashtra, India, the specimen was authenticated by comparing it with the voucher specimen deposited in the

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Acute and chronic toxicity profiles of the methanol leaf extract of Acacia ataxacantha D.C (Leguminosae) in Wistar rats

Cited by 7 publications

References 14 publications

Subchronic toxicity study of herbal tea of Moringa stenopetala (Baker f.) Cudof. and Mentha spicata L. leaves formulation in Wistar albino rats

Subchronic toxicity study of herbal tea of Moringa stenopetala (Baker f.) Cudof. and Mentha spicata L. leaves formulation in Wistar albino rats

Chronic Toxicological Assessment of Aqueous Extract of a Combination of Nauclea latifolia Root and Acalypha torta Leaf on the Liver, Kidney and Heart of Wistar Rat

Acute and Sub-acute Toxicity Studies of Ethanol and Chloroform Extracts of Solanum giganteum Jacq. Leaves

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