Anti-inflammatory and anti-proliferative activities of the wild edible cruciferous:Diplotaxis simplex

Abstract

Context The present study deals with new biological properties of the wild edible Diplotaxis simplex (Viv.) Spreng (Brassicaceae). Objectives The current study evaluates the antioxidant, the anti-inflammatory and the anti-cancer properties of ethyl acetate and ethanol extracts from D. simplex flowers. Materials and methods The anti-proliferative activity of the extracts (10-70 mg/mL) was assessed by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) against human colon cancer cell line Caco-2. The anti-inflammatory potential was evaluated by the inhibitory effect of the extracts (1.5-7.5 mg/mL) on phospholipase A2 activity as well as on carrageenan-induced paw oedema in mice. Extracts (200 mg/kg) or indomethacin (50 mg/kg) as positive control were injected intraperitoneally for albino mice prior to the induction of the oedema by carrageenan. Antioxidant activities were investigated using various complementary methods.Results Flower extracts contained a high level of polyphenolics (17.10-52.70 mg GAE/g) and flavonoids (74.20-100.60 mg QE/g), which correlate with its appreciable antioxidant potential in b-carotene peroxidation (IC 50 value: 12.50-27.10 mg/mL), DPPH radical-scavenging (IC 50 value: 0.20-0.40 mg/mL), Fe 3+ reducing (EC 50 value: 0.10-0.14 mg/mL) and Fe 2+ chelating (IC 50 value: 0.20-0.60 mg/mL) assays. These extracts were effective in inhibiting cancer cell growth (IC 50 value: 62.0-63.25 mg/mL). Besides, the ethyl acetate extract inhibited phospholipase A2 activity (IC 50 value: 2.97 mg/mL) and reduced the paw oedema in mice (from 0.38 ± 0.01 to 0.24 ± 0.01 cm), 4 h postcarrageenan challenge. Conclusion These data suggest that D. simplex may be useful as a candidate in the treatment of inflammation and the colon cancer.ARTICLE HISTORY

The cruciferous Diplotaxis simplex: Phytochemistry analysis and its protective effect on liver and kidney toxicities, and lipid profile disorders in alloxan-induced diabetic rats

“…In fact, the observed in vivo antioxidant effect of DSEE was in agreement with (i) the interesting in vitro antioxidant potential of D. simplex flowers that was previously reported [12] and (ii) the various identified flavonoids that were known by their potent scavenging activity (Table 1). Thus, the DSEE regular consumption enhanced the fight against oxidative stress that might indirectly correct the diabetic state and restore the homeostasis.…”

“…The arvelexin (4-methoxyindole-3-acetonitrile) is a biologically active compound found in Brassica rapa (Brassicaceae) that is able to inhibit colonic inflammation by suppressing NF-κB activation in dextran sulfate sodium-induced mice and TNF-α-induced colonic epithelial cells [30]. The anti-inflammatory activity of compounds 9 and 13 was consistent with our previous findings suggesting that D. simplex flowers presented anti-inflammatory potential by reducing the paw oedema in mice, 4 h post carrageenan challenge [12]. …”

“…Moreover, Legault et al [25] reported that quercetin-7- O -β-D-glucopyranoside (compound 9 ) exhibit a strong antioxidant potential in the oxygen radical absorbance capacity assay. These results confirmed our previous findings, showing that D. simplex flowers contain relatively high flavonoids level (74.2 ± 3.4 mg QE/g extract) and display an interesting antioxidant potential as shown through various antioxidant mechanisms, including the β-carotene bleaching protection (IC 50  = 12.5 ± 0.02 μg/ml), Fe 3+ reducing (EC 50  = 0.10 ± 0.01 mg/ml), DPPH• radical-scavenging (IC 50  = 0.20 ± 0.02 mg/ml) and Fe 2+ chelating (IC 50  = 0.60 ± 0.02 mg/ml) assays as well as through DNA damage protection [12]. …”

“…In fact, Jdir et al [12] demonstrated that D. simplex flowers extract shows an important in vitro inhibitory activity of the α-glucosidase (IC 50  = 0.046 mg/ml). The postprandial hyperglycemia itself produces an oxidative stress so that specific inhibition of intestinal glucose absorption that lowers postprandial hyperglycemia may be expected to reduce oxidative stress [2].…”

“…In our previous work, D. simplex flowers were shown to present an interesting in vitro inhibition of α-glucosidase activity and effectively reduce the rise in blood glucose level of maltose-loaded mice as compared to the standard acarbose [11]. Moreover, D. simplex flowers exhibited important antioxidant potential as determined by various complementary methods [12]. However, there are no studies on the bioactive substances identification in D. simplex flowers and their hypoglycemic effect in diabetic rats.…”