Anti-Inflammatory and Anti-Aging Evaluation of Pigment–Protein Complex Extracted from Chlorella Pyrenoidosa

Abstract

Oxidative stress contributes to chronic inflammatory processes implicated in aging, referred to as “inflamm-aging.” In this study, the potential anti-inflammatory and anti-aging effects of a pigment–protein complex (PPC) from Chlorella pyrenoidosa were investigated using lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages and D-galactose (D-gal)-induced aging in a murine model. Results indicated that PPC inhibits the production of the inflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-6, and the inflammatory mediator nitric oxide (NO) in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. It also protected mice from D-gal induced informatory aging by increasing the activity of the antioxidant enzyme, such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), inhibiting D-gal-induced NF-κB upregulation, and increasing PPARs expression in the brain and gut. The findings indicated that PPC has favorable anti-inflammatory and anti-aging properties, and could be useful in the treatment of acute inflammation and senescence diseases.

Optimization of Microalga Chlorella vulgaris Magnetic Harvesting

“…Lutein, a compound with proven anti-cataract properties, is also found in Chlorella sp. , while its extracts exhibit anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anti-microbial properties, and reduce blood pressure and cholesterol levels [ 32 , 33 , 34 ]. As a result, Chlorella sp.…”

Beneficial effect of Chlorella pyrenoidosa drink on healthy subjects: A randomized, placebo‐controlled, double‐blind, cross‐over clinical trial

“…Hence, CGF showed a potent anti‐inflammatory activity by downregulating the protein expression of iNOS and COX‐2 in LPS‐induced RAW 264.7, cell model. Previously, Zhang and his colleagues (2019) also proved that Chlorella pyrenoidosa exhibits anti‐inflammatory activity by downregulating ROS‐mediated NF‐κB signaling pathway and thus sequentially modulate the expression of various cytokines in the LPS‐induced RAW 267.4 cells model.…”

“…Aging (cellular senescence) is the process of progressive physiopsychological deterioration with time, which results in declined overall physiological and health status (Golden et al, 2002). An ample number of studies had indicated that oxidative stress (excessive accumulation of free radicals) and inflammation are the major contributors to aging (Chiu et al, 2018;Zhang et al, 2019).…”

“…Aging (cellular senescence) is the process of progressive physiopsychological deterioration with time, which results in declined overall physiological and health status (Golden et al, 2002). An ample number of studies had indicated that oxidative stress (excessive accumulation of free radicals) and inflammation are the major contributors to aging (Chiu et al., 2018; Zhang et al., 2019). However, the degree of aging majorly depends on the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and its subsequent inflammatory response (inflamm‐aging) in different cells/organisms (Sallam & Laher, 2016).…”

“…Previously, many researchers had hinted that supplementation of Chlorella spp. would considerably lower oxidative stress, inflammation as well as alter the immune response in various models and might help to lower the aging process (Chen et al., 2018; Zhang et al., 2019). Nevertheless, no clinical trials are conducted to assess the anti‐aging efficacy of C. pyrenoidosa .…”