Anti‐inflammatory and anti‐aggregating effects of rangpur in the first trimester of growth: ultra‐performance liquid chromatography–electrospray mass spectrometry profile and quantification of hesperidin

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Citrus fruits are a rich source of valuable molecules, and their industrial processing produces bagasses, little explored to generate important by-products. These Citrus residues, including seeds and peels, also contain numerous pharmacologically important substances. To reduce the impact of these Citrus by-products, young, harvested fruits could be used as a functional supplemental food while another part is grown until maturity for industrial production. This study therefore aims to valorize rangpur (Citrus limonia) in the first 3 months of its growth by investigating and comparing its monthly chemical profiles using ultra-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray mass spectrometry (UPLC-ESI-MS) and its anti-inflammatory and antiplatelet activity.RESULTS: Extracts obtained from the fruits harvested in November, December, and January, 2017 and 2018 (L221117, L161217, and L160118) showed different UPLC-ESI-MS profiles. Twenty-five of the 26 detected metabolites were identified as cyclitol, pyrrolidine betaine, aryl propanoyl esters, chlorogenic acids, flavonoids, coumarins, and limonoids. Quantification studies indicated an increased concentration of hesperidin from the younger fruits to the older fruits of the series. L160118 reduced nitrogen oxide (NOx), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-⊍), and interleukin 6 (IL-6) levels more than other extracts. Their activity followed the same trends as the hesperidin concentration in each fruit. In contrast, the most promising antiplatelet activity was observed with the extracts from the two youngest fruits. This suggests combined effects of the chemical components found in these fruits' extracts.CONCLUSION: The extracts obtained from these young fruits showed considerable anti-inflammatory and antiplatelet activity. Overall, young rangpur could be used as raw material to produce functional foods without producing any waste.

Unveiling chemical responses in the kombucha-based fermentation of black tea, banana flower, and grape juice: LC-ESIMS, GNPS, MS-DIAL, and MS-FINDER-assisted chemical characterization

“…This technique is robust for the simultaneous identification of the chemical composition of organic samples. 21 It is based on the separation and sensitivity of organic components to cathodic and anodic currents that induced the formation of molecular ions detected as a ratio mass/charge. 22 Databases and computational tools such as MS-Finder, MassBank, and GNPS are more convenient for processing and analyzing large amounts of data from LC-MS/MS spectra.…”