Anti-inflammatory Activity of Perilla frutescens Britton Seed in RAW 264.7 Macrophages and an Ulcerative Colitis Mouse Model

Abstract

This study aimed to investigate the anti-inflammatory activities of raw (P) and roasted (RP) Perilla frutescens Britton (perilla) seeds in RAW 264.7 macrophages and an ulcerative colitis mouse model. In lipopolysaccharide-treated RAW 264.7 cells, treatment with ethanol extract of P at the concentrations of 75 and 150 µg/mL decreased nitric oxide (NO), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) levels to 48-85% of the control (p<0.01). Treatment with RP extract exhibited similar effects on NO, IL-6, and TNF-α, decreasing those levels to 51-84% of the control (p<0.01). In dextran sulfate sodium-treated ulcerative colitis mice, dietary treatment with 1% RP for 7 days decreased the colonic levels of prostaglandin E 2 and leukotriene B 4 to 34% and 58% of the control, respectively (p<0.05). Dietary P treatment, however, did not decrease those levels significantly. These results indicate that roasted perilla seed exerts anti-inflammatory activity both in vitro and in vivo.

Potential anti-mutagenicity, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory capacities of the extract from perilla seed meal

“…In our study, PSE at non‐toxic concentrations could diminish the LPS‐induced TNF‐α and IL‐6 expression, whereas PSME reduce the level of IL‐6 in RAW 264.7 macrophage cells. This can imply the mechanism of anti‐inflammation by the extracts might be due to the decreased of IL‐6 and TNF‐α mRNA expression (Lee et al, ). Our results also supported the previous study by Yim et al () which showed perilla seed herbal acupuncture administration, at acupoint ST36, of OVA‐induced asthmatic mice has reduced mRNA expression of TNF‐α, IL‐4, IL‐5, and IL‐13 in the lung.…”

“…However, all bioactivity capacities presented in PSME was lower than that of PSE. This could be due to the quantity of phenolic and flavonoid contents in PSME (Table ) which were essential attributes for its bioactivities (Asif, ; Furtado et al, ; Lee et al, ; Yim et al, ; Zhou et al, ). Therefore, the higher content of phenolics and flavonoids observed in PSE led to the higher bioactivity capacities as compared with PSME.…”

“…Besides ω‐3 and other fatty acids, perilla seed oil is also a rich source of valued nutrients and other hydrophilic phytochemicals, including phenolic acids and flavonoids, such as rosmarinic acid, apigenin, luteolin, and their glycosides. Moreover, several investigations have demonstrated that perilla seed extracts (PSE) exhibited antioxidant (Lee et al, ), anti‐inflammation (Lee, Song, & Ju, ), anti‐microbial (Yamamoto & Ogawa, ), anti‐aldoreductase, and alpha‐glucosidase activities (Ha et al, ). Because of these features, perilla seed oil has recently gained popularity for cosmetic and pharmaceutical use.…”

Establishment of hairy roots culture of Perilla frutescens L. and production of phenolic acids

“…The usage of Perilla in traditional medicine involves treating ailments like coughs, headaches, colds, asthma, nasal congestion, chest tightness, and constipation. Modern pharmacological research has noted that Perilla has many pharmacological activities ranging from anti-in ammatory (Lee et al, 2014), anti-allergic (Oh et al, 2011), antioxidant (Hong et al, 2011), anti-cancer (Kwak and Ju, 2015), antibacterial (Kim et al, 2011), antidepressant (Kim et al, 2011) and liver-protective effects (Zhang et al, 2018), among others. Studies related to phytochemical reports have identi ed that phenolic acids are the primary active ingredients found in perilla; RA is the leading phenolic acid present in Perilla.…”

Experimental investigation of the strong stability, antibacterial and anti-inflammatory effect and high bioabsorbability of a perilla oil or linseed oil nanoemulsion system

“…In addition to ω-3 and other fatty acids, perilla seed oil contains many valuable nutrients and other hydrophilic phytochemicals, such as myristic acid, apigenin, luteolin and glycosides. 3 Moreover, some studies have shown that the PO has antioxidative, 4 anti-inflammatory 5 and antibacterial effects. 6 Because of these characteristics, PO has been widely used in the fields of cosmetics and medicine.…”