Anti-inflammatory activity of isolated compounds from the stem bark of Garcinia cowa Roxb

Abstract

Objective: To find the anti inflammatory active compounds from methanol extract of Garcinia cowa Methods: To evaluate the inhibitory activity of isolated compounds on nitric oxide (NO) production, culture media was assayed using Griess reaction. An equal volume of Griess reagent (1% sulphanilamide and 0.1% N-(L-naphthyl)-ethylene diamine dihydrochloride, dissolved in 2.5% H3PO4) was mixed with culture supernatant and color development was measured at 550 nm using a micro plate reader. The amount of nitrite in the culture supernatant was calculated from a standard curve (0-100 μM) of sodium nitrite freshly prepared in deionized water. Percentage of the NO inhibition was calculated by using nitrate level of IFN-γ/LPS-induced group as the control. Results: Isolated compounds, tetraprenyltoluquinone, rubraxanthone and α-mangostin from stem bark of Garcinia cowa Roxb were evaluated for their anti-inflammatory activity. Only α-mangostin exhibited strong anti-inflammatory activity with 83.42 % inhibition of NO and without inducing severe cytotoxicity at 50 μM. Rubraxanthone showed weak inhibition of NO with 23.86 % inhibition of NO while maintained 77.32 % of cell viability. TPTQalso showed the strong inhibition of NO with 80.98 % inhibition but unfortunately this compound also induced severe cytotoxicity with 39.62% viability. Conclusion: α-Mangostin exhibited strong anti-inflammatory activity without inducing severe cytotoxicity at 50 μM. Rubraxanthone showed weak inhibition of NO while Tetraprenyltoluquinone also showed the strong inhibition of NO however this compound also induced severe cytotoxicity.

Tetraoxygenated Xanthones From the Latex of Garcinia Cowa

“…Phytochemical studies and pharmacological activities of G. cowa from Thailand were reported recently [2 -6]. According to previous reports, main chemical constituents of G. cowa are xanthones which were demonstrated interesting bioactivities such as antimalarial [2], antimicrobial [3,5,7], anti-inflammatory [4,8], antioxidant [3,4,9], antibacterial [5,10,11], antitumor-promoting activity [12] and cytotoxic activities [13 -15].…”

Determination of Rubraxanthone in the Latex of Asam Kandis (Garcinia cowa Roxb) by Reverse Phase High Performance Liquid Chromatography

“…9 It also has anticancer activity against MCF-7, DU-145 and H-460 6 as well as can reduce levels of total cholesterol and triglyceride levels in the blood of male rats. 10 This compound was also reported had anti inflammatory 11 and anti platelet activity. 12 The latex of this plant has been used for traditional medicine for centuries and also was one of the source of rubraxanthone.…”

Peels of Citrus Fruits: A Potential Source of Anti-inflammatory and Anti-nociceptive Agents

“…NSAIDs and opioids which are effective for the treatment of inflammation and pain. [7][8] These drugs block COX-1 and COX-2 enzymes involved in prostaglandin production. However, their chronic use particularly in patients with arthritis or other chronic inflammatory diseases is associated with adverse effects such as gastrointestinal perforation, ulceration, bleeding and renal toxicity mainly due to the blockade of COX-1.…”

“…Therefore the need arises for the development of newer anti-inflammatory and analgesic agents from natural sources with more powerful activity and with lesser side effects as substitutes for chemical therapeutics. [7][8][9][10] In this context the present study was executed to explore for more naturally available alternatives, so that their therapeutic values can be assessed and expanded. Several epidemiological studies have suggested that the consumption of fruit and vegetables is associated with a reduced risk of cardiovascular disorders and cancers, [10][11] and neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson's and Alzheimer's diseases, 12 as well as S173 positive effects on inflammation and aging.…”