Anti-inflammatory activity of 2-((3-(chloromethyl)benzoyl)oxy)benzoic acid in LPS-induced rat model

Abstract

Introduction: Salicylic acid derivate is very popular for its activity to suppress pain, fever, and inflam ma tion. One of its derivatives is acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) wh ich has be en reported repeatedly that, as a nonsteroidal anti-inflam ma tory drug (NSAID), it has a cardioprotective effect. Although ASA has various advantages, several stud ies have reported that it ma y indu ce severe peptic ulcer disease. We recently synthesized a new compoun d derived from salicylic acid, name ly 2-((3-(chloromethyl)be nz oyl)oxy)be nz oic acid (3 -CH 2 Cl) wh ich still has the be nefit of acetylsalicylic acid as an analgesic and antiplatelet, bu t lacks its harmful side effects (Caroline et al., 20 19 ). In addition, in silico stud ies of 3-CH 2 Cl showed a higher affinity towards protein receptor cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2; PDB: 5F1A ) than ASA. We hypothesized that 3-CH 2 Cl inhibits the COX-2 activity wh ich could presumably decrease the inflam ma tory responses. However, no knowledge is available on the anti-inflam ma tory response and molecular signaling of this new compoun d. Henc e, in this stud y, we investigated the potential func tional relevanc e of 3-CH 2 Cl in regulating the inflamma tory response in lipopolysacch aride (LPS)-indu ced rats. The results of this stud y show that this compoun d could significantly redu ce the inflam ma tory parame ter in LPS-indu ced rats. Material and methods: Rats were indu ced with LPS of 0.5 mg/kg bw intravenously, prior oral administration with vehicle (3 % Pulvi s Gumm i Arabicum / PGA), 50 0 mg/60 kg body weight (b w; rat dosage converted to hu ma n) of 3-CH 2 Cl and ASA. The inflam ma tory parame ters such as ch anges in the temperature of septic shock, cardiac blood plasma concentrations of IL-1β and TNF-α (ELISA), blood inflam ma tion parame ters, wh ite blood cell concentrations, and lung histopathology were observed. Meanwh ile, the stability of 3-CH 2 Cl powder was evaluated. Result: After the administration of 50 0 mg/60 kg bw of 3-CH 2 Cl (rat dosage converted to hu ma n) to LPSindu ced rats, we observed a significant redu ction of both TNF-α (5 .70+ /-1.04 × 10 3 pg/mL, p= <0 .001 ) and IL-1β (2 .32+ /-0.28 × 10 3 pg/mL, p= <0 .001 ) cardiac blood plasma concentrations. Besides, we foun d a redu ction of wh ite blood cell concentration and the severity of lung injury in the 3-CH 2 Cl group compared to the LPS-indu ced rat group. Ad ditionally, this compoun d ma intained the rat body temperature within norma l limits du ring inflam ma tion, preventing the rats to un dergo septic shock, ch aracterized by hypothermic (t = 12 0 min.) or hyperthermic (t = 36 0 min) conditions. Furthermore, 3-CH 2 Cl was foun d to be stable un til 3 years at 25°C with a relative hu midity of 75 ± 5% . Conclusion: 3-CH 2 Cl compoun d inhibited inflam ma tion in the LPS-indu ced inflam ma tion response model in rats, hypothetically through bind ing to COX-2, and presumably inhibited LPS-indu ced NF-κβ signaling pathways. This stud y could be used as a preliminary hint to investigate the t...

Partial Replacement of Dietary Fat with Krill Oil or Coconut Oil Alleviates Dyslipidemia by Partly Modulating Lipid Metabolism in Lipopolysaccharide-Injected Rats on a High-Fat Diet

“…As a result, it induces acute inflammation in multiple organs, including the kidney, brain, lung, and liver [ 43 ]. Thus, several studies have investigated the anti-inflammatory effects of natural products, compounds, or drugs using LPS-induced animals as models of acute inflammation [ 44 , 45 , 46 , 47 ]. Recently, we reported that the partial replacement of SFAs in a high-fat diet (HFD) with PUFAs such as perilla oil (PO) or corn oil at a converted dose (2–8%) suppressed insulin resistance and nuclear factor κ-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) signaling pathways, and enhanced antioxidant enzyme expression in rats [ 48 ].…”

Tablet Formulation of 2-((3-(Chloromethyl)benzoyl)oxy)benzoic Acid by Linear and Quadratic Models

“…At the beginning, pasta was prepared and then turned into a solution when irradiated by microwaves, and the final product was solid. The synthesis procedure followed the previous experiment, and the stability of 3CH 2 Cl was proven. , Based on these reasons, the compound 3CH 2 Cl can be used for tablet formulation.…”

“…The synthesis procedure followed the previous experiment, and the stability of 3CH 2 Cl was proven. 1 , 2 Based on these reasons, the compound 3CH 2 Cl can be used for tablet formulation.…”

“… 1 , 2 3CH 2 Cl has very good potential as an analgesic, an antiplatelet aggregation, and an anti-inflammation drug. 1 , 2 A previous study reported that the active compound of 3CH 2 Cl could significantly reduce the nociceptive response in mice. 2 The C max value of 3CH 2 Cl is 0.57 μg/mL.…”

“…2-((3-(Chloromethyl)­benzoyl)­oxy)­benzoic acid (3CH 2 Cl) is a new compound synthesized from acetylsalicylic acid and 3-chloromethyl benzoyl chloride. , 3CH 2 Cl has very good potential as an analgesic, an antiplatelet aggregation, and an anti-inflammation drug. , A previous study reported that the active compound of 3CH 2 Cl could significantly reduce the nociceptive response in mice . The C max value of 3CH 2 Cl is 0.57 μg/mL.…”