Anti‑inflammatory activities of Gardenia jasminoides extracts in retinal pigment epithelial cells and zebrafish embryos

Abstract

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the most common cause of visual impairment in developed countries. Inflammation serves a critical role in the pathogenesis of AMD. Gardenia jasminoides is found in several regions of China and is traditionally used as an organic yellow dye but has also been widely used as a therapeutic agent in numerous diseases, including inflammation, depression, hepatic and vascular disorders, which may reflect the variability of functional compounds that are present in Gardenia jasminoides extracts (GJE). To investigate the therapeutic potential of GJE for AMD, ARPE-19 cells were treated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or LPS plus GJE. GJE significantly decreased LPS-induced expression of proinflammatory cytokines, including IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α. In the in vivo study, GJE inhibited CuSO4-induced migration of primitive macrophages to the lateral line in zebrafish embryos. GJE also attenuated expression of cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α), NFKB activating protein ( nkap ) and TLR4 in ARPE-19 cells. The results of the present study demonstrated the anti-inflammatory potential of GJE in vitro and in vivo , and suggested GJE as a therapeutic candidate for AMD.

Effect of Gardenia Pomace Supplementation on Growth Performance, Blood Metabolites, Immune and Antioxidant Indices, and Meat Quality in Xiangcun Pigs

“…Gardenia is the first batch of medicinal and edible plant resources announced by the Ministry of Health in China. Gardenia extract has antioxidant, antibacterial [ 10 ], and immune-enhancing functions [ 11 , 12 ]. Ripe gardenia fruit, as a traditional medicinal material in China, protects the liver, promotes bile secretion, and benefits the cardiovascular system.…”

Gardenia jasminoides Attenuates Allergic Rhinitis-Induced Inflammation by Inhibiting Periostin Production

“…Previous studies have shown that GJ extracts have anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties [26,27,33,34], and are effective against allergic inflammatory diseases such as asthma and atopic dermatitis [30,31]. Based on these findings, we investigated allergic inflammatory mediators, immune cells including eosinophils, and their underlying mechanisms to understand how GJW and GJE inhibit AR inflammation-like conditions in an ovalbumin-induced AR mouse model and in IL-4/IL-13-treated (i.e., inflammatory pathway-activated) HNEpCs.…”

“…Previous studies have shown that GJ fruits have antipyretic, diuretic, and detoxifying effects, and are widely used as antiphlogistic, analgesic, and anti-inflammatory agents. Moreover, they have antiangiogenic, antidiabetic, anticancer, antioxidant, and anti-depressant properties while also improving sleep quality [25][26][27]. The major constituents of GJ include iridoid glycosides and their aglycones (genin) as well as bioactive compounds such as gardenoside, geniposide, genipin, and crocin [28,29].…”