Anti-Immune Strategies of Pathogenic Fungi

Marcos, Caroline Maria; Oliveira, Haroldo César de; Melo, Wanessa de Cássia Martins Antunes de; Silva, Julhiany de Fátima da; Assato, Patrícia Akemi; Scorzoni, Liliana; Rossi, Suélen Andreia; Silva, Ana Carolina Alves de Paula e; Mendes-Giannini, María José Soares; Fusco‐Almeida, Ana Marisa

doi:10.3389/fcimb.2016.00142

Cited by 60 publications

(56 citation statements)

References 280 publications

(298 reference statements)

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“…Other fungal pathogens mask PAMPs at their cell surface [80][81][82]. For example, Histoplasma, Paracoccidioides and Blastomyces increase the amount of α-glucan in their cell walls during the process of cellular morphogenesis that generates their pathogenic yeast forms.…”

Section: Anticipating Phagocytic Recognitionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Memory in Fungal Pathogens Promotes Immune Evasion, Colonisation, and Infection

Brown

Gow

Warris

et al. 2019

Trends in Microbiology

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By analogy with Pavlov's dogs, certain pathogens have evolved anticipatory behaviours that exploit specific signals in the human host to prepare themselves against imminent host challenges. This adaptive prediction, a type of history-dependent microbial behaviour, represents a primitive form of microbial memory. For fungal pathogens, adaptive prediction helps them circumvent nutritional immunity, protects them against phagocytic killing, and activates immune evasion strategies. We describe how these anticipatory responses, and the contrasting lifestyles and evolutionary trajectories of fungal pathogens, have influenced the evolution of such adaptive behaviours, and how these behaviours affect host colonisation and infection.

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Section: Anticipating Phagocytic Recognitionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Memory in Fungal Pathogens Promotes Immune Evasion, Colonisation, and Infection

Brown

Gow

Warris

et al. 2019

Trends in Microbiology

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“…They have also developed ways to attach phase inhibitors of the complement cascade to their outer wall and avoid complement activation [34]. In addition, they can proliferate and form hyphae within macrophages and lyse the cells [35].…”

Section: Potential Candida Immunogenic Targetsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Difficult but Not Impossible: in Search of an Anti-Candida Vaccine

et al. 2019

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Purpose of Review Pervasive fungal infection among the immunocompromised population, in conjunction with a lack of effective treatment options, has demanded further scrutiny. Millions of people are still dying annually from fungal infections. While existing treatment for these fungal infections exists, it is difficult to administer without adverse effects in the immunocompromised and is slowly becoming obsolete due to varying mutation rates and rising resistance in multiple species. Thus, vaccines may be a viable target for preventing and treating fungal infections and addressing the critical challenge of such infections. Recent Findings Candida albicans, along with other non-albicans Candida species, is among the more virulent class of fungal specimens considered for vaccine development. C. albicans is responsible for a large percentage of invasive fungal infections among immunocompromised and immunocompetent populations and carries a relatively high mortality rate. In the last decade, a recent increase in infective capacity among Candida species has shed light on the lack of adequate fungal vaccine choices. While roadblocks still exist in the development of antifungal vaccines, several novel targets have been examined and proposed as candidates. Summary Success in vaccine development has universal appeal; an anti-Candida vaccine formulation could be modified to work against other fungal infections and thus bolster the antifungal pipeline.

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“…Some peptide toxins from moisture-damaged surfaces may trigger immunotoxic and exert growth inhibitory effects in mammalian cells (19–21, 23). The anti-immune strategies mounted by pathogenic fungi including species also detected in moisture-damaged buildings have been described in a recent comprehensive review (24). The fungi have developed many complex strategies to evade attack by the host’s immune systems.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Severe Sequelae to Mold-Related Illness as Demonstrated in Two Finnish Cohorts

Tuuminen

Rinne²

2017

Front. Immunol.

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The presence of toxic indoor molds with accompanying bacterial growth is clearly detrimental to human health. The pathophysiological and toxicological effects of toxins and structural components of molds and bacteria have been clarified in experiments conducted in tissue culture and animals, and there is convincing epidemiologic evidence; nonetheless their implications for human health are either ignored or denied, at least in Finland. In this communication, we describe two cohorts suffering severe sequelae to mold-related illness. One cohort is a nine-member family with pets that moved into a new house, which soon proved to be infested with pathogenic molds. The other cohort consists of 30 teachers and 50 students from a mold-infested school building. The first cohort experienced a plethora of mucosal irritation, neurological, skin, allergic, and other symptoms, with all family members ultimately developing a multiple chemical syndrome. In the second cohort, we detected a greatly elevated prevalence of autoimmune conditions and malignancies. We claim that mold-related illness exists in multiple facets; if not simply a transient mucosal irritation or even an increased risk of asthma onset or its exacerbation. We propose a scheme to explain the natural course of the mold-related illness. We recommend that future studies should combine data from, e.g., cancer, autoimmune, and endocrine disorder registers and neurological and mental health or neuropsychological registers with mold-exposed individuals being monitored for prolonged follow-up times.

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Anti-Immune Strategies of Pathogenic Fungi

Cited by 60 publications

References 280 publications

Memory in Fungal Pathogens Promotes Immune Evasion, Colonisation, and Infection

Memory in Fungal Pathogens Promotes Immune Evasion, Colonisation, and Infection

Difficult but Not Impossible: in Search of an Anti-Candida Vaccine

Severe Sequelae to Mold-Related Illness as Demonstrated in Two Finnish Cohorts

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