Anti-hypoxia effects of the ethanol extract of Oxytropis ochrocephala

Abstract

Oxytropis ochrocephala is one of the most extensively used herbs in traditional Tibetan folk medicine to clear heat through detumescence, strengthen the body, and improve immune system. However, research studies examining its medicinal value are limited. By conducting experiments using animal models (mice) in airtight space at ambient and reduced pressure, as well as sodium nitrite exposure, the anti-hypoxia effects of the ethanol extract of O. ochrocephala (EEOO) were investigated in the present study.EEOO was administered to three groups of mice for 7 days; 1.5 g/kg for the high-dosage group (EHD), 1.0 g/kg for the medium-dosage group (EMD) and 0.5 g/kg for the low-dosage group (ELD). Hypoxia was induced in mice by placing the animals in an airtight space at reduced pressure, and sodium nitrite poisoning was conducted for 1 hour after the last intragastric administration. The levels of glutathione peroxidase enzyme (GSH-Px), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and malondialdehyde (MDA) in the myocardium and cerebral tissues were determined by the colorimetric method. Protein expression of BAX and BCL-2 was detected by ELISA. A high lethal dose (LD 50 ) of 3,000 mg/kg was obtained in acute toxicity. Mice in the blank control group survived longer than those in the EHD group under hypoxic conditions. All biochemical criteria were significantly enhanced (P< 0.05). EEOO increased the tolerance of mice to hypoxia, which is indicative of its anti-hypoxia effects. The major components are 5,7-Dihydroxy-4'-methoxy-hydroxy-2-phenyl, 5,7-Dihydroxy-4'-methoxy-2-phenyl-4-benzo pyrone-3-O--galacto pyranoside.

Variations in osmo-regulatory and anti-oxidative status and their links with total nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations in lucerne during re-growth

“…The activities of POD, CAT and SOD increased from 13 to 18 d after mowing as well as SS, proline, SP and MDA concentrations ( Figure. 3). The concentrations of osmotic adjustment-related substances and the activities of enzymes scavenging radical oxygen species (ROS) increased to maintain or help to recover cell structure and function (Cavalcanti et al 2004;He et al 2012;Usha and Dadlani 2016;Zhang et al 2016). Furthermore, the activities of CAT and SOD were highest in the leaves in this study, suggesting the leaf may be more efficient in scavenging ROS than in other Figure. 2 Concentrations of water soluble sugar (SS, A), proline (B) and soluble protein (SP, C) in the root, stem and leaf of lucerne under mowing and non-mowing treatments…”

“…During the re-growth, SS, proline and SP concentrations increased till 18 d after mowing under mowing treatment (except that SP concentration decreased in leaves). The increases in concentrations of such substances under mowing treatment scavenge MDA and help to recover cell structure and function (Cavalcanti et al 2004;He et al 2012;Zhang et al 2016). In addition, SS and proline concentrations were significantly higher in roots than leaves and stems, and SP concentration was lowest in stems and highest in leaves, indicating that these substances play vital roles in different organs for the re-growth.…”

Effects of Isorhamnetin on Diabetes and Its Associated Complications: A Review of In Vitro and In Vivo Studies and a Post Hoc Transcriptome Analysis of Involved Molecular Pathways

“…Additionally, it may ameliorate acute kidney injury by inhibiting the NF-κB signaling pathway activation [ 31 ]. Additionally, isorhamnetin exhibits anti-thrombus [ 77 ], antihypertensive [ 78 ], anti-inflammatory [ 26 ], anti-osteoporosis [ 79 ], antiplatelet activity [ 80 ], hepatoprotective [ 81 ], and anti-hypoxia [ 82 ] effects. It has also been shown that isorhamnetin could boost innate immunity [ 83 ].…”

Review of the Current Status of Study Oxytropis

“…O. ochrocephala is one of the most extensively used herbs in traditional Tibetan folk medicine to clear heat through detumescence, strengthen the body, and improve immune system [13].…”