Anti‐human immunodeficiency virus activity of 3,4,5‐tricaffeoylquinic acid in cultured cells of lettuce leaves

Abstract

3,4,5-Tricaffeoylquinic acid (TCQA) that is not found in intact plant of lettuce leaves was isolated from the cultured cells. The intact plant produced chicoric acid (dicaffeoyl tartaric acid: L-CCA) as well as chlorogenic acid (3-caffeoylquinic acid: 3-CQA) as the major metabolites. After subculturing of the cells for 40 days, the amount of 3,4,5-TCQA reached to 0.14 mg/g fresh weight. The inhibitory effect of 3,4,5-TCQA for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) Type 1 integrase was assayed. Anti-HIV activity using HIV and MT-2 cells was 1.15 microM and IC(50) against HIV integrase was 0.063 microM whereas cell toxicity of this chemical was expressed as 5% death of all living cells to be 18.4 microM. The HIV inhibitory effect of 3,4,5-TCQA was the highest in values among L-CCA, and other dicaffeoylquinic acids. This data will provide a new possibility for creating a new drug design for HIV.

Caffeic acid derivatives from a hairy root culture of Lactuca virosa

“…In a callus culture of L. sativa var. crispa L. (Tamura et al 2006) 3,5-DCQA predominated (leaves of the parent plant contained 3.8 times less of 3,5-DCQA than the cultured cells). Similar change in hydroxycinnamate accumulation pattern (domination of 3,5-DCQA) was observed in our callus and root cultures (Table 1).…”

Phenolic compounds with antioxidant capacity of the native Andean potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) Huagalina variety in La Libertad- Peru

“…Because of their beneficial effects on health (Navarre, 2009;Monro and Mishra, 2009) they are as important as phenolics, flavonoids, folate, anthocyanins, poly-amines and carotenoids (Ezequiel et al, 2013), which are considered as antioxidants, protecting against reactive oxygen species (ROS) when consumed through diet (Virgili and Scacini, 2003;Kris-Etherton et al, 2004). The bioavailability of these metabolites in potatoes seems to have benefits for human health, in anti-hypertensive activity, prevention of atherosclerosis, type 2 diabetes, Alzheimer's disease, cancer (Zhao and Moghadasian, 2010); there is also evidence of their inhibitory effect against HIV (Tamura et al, 2006), cataracts and macular degeneration (Chuah et al, 2008) and of antimicrobial properties (Muthuswamy and Ruspasinghe, 2007). As a therapeutic alternative, potatoes are also used empirically by the population for problems of the gastric mucosa, which shows that fresh potatoes and tocosh (an andean preservation technique) have an antioxidant defense and cytoprotective effect on the gastric mucosa (Sandoval-Vegas et al, 2010;Sandoval et al, 2015).…”

Analysis of Six Caffeic Acid Derivatives in Sweetpotato Leaves by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography using a Short Column

“…The authors also found that the amount of 3,5-diCQA in cultured cells reached 0.83 mg/g fresh weight, which was 3.8-fold higher than its amount in intact plants 17 . Establishment of techniques to obtain caffeic acid derivatives in large quantities from cultured cells is therefore expected to gain importance.…”

“…Recently, Tamura et al reported that 3,4,5-triCQA, which was not found in intact lettuce leaves, was produced in cultured cells derived from plant materials, and the 3,4,5-triCQA amount reached 0.14 mg/g fresh weight 17 . The authors also found that the amount of 3,5-diCQA in cultured cells reached 0.83 mg/g fresh weight, which was 3.8-fold higher than its amount in intact plants 17 .…”